1.Ach and bradykinin are Endothelium-dependent vasodilators and they act by increasing intracellular calcium levels in endothelial cells, leading to the synthesis of NO. NO diffuses to vascular smooth muscle leading to vasodilation.

2. constitutive enzyme = any enzyme formed at a constant rate and amount in given cell regardless of the metabolic state of the cell. They have a great physiological effect because they are always present.

Inducible enzyme = an enzyme whose rate of synthesis can be controlled by an addition of a substance implying that the body must first get rid of a substance before the enzyme can have an effect having a smaller pathological effect.

3. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. Endotoxin components from the bacteria and endogenously generated tumor necrosis factor-α and other cytokines induce synthesis of iNOS in macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells, as well as hepatocytes, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. This widespread generation of NO results in exaggerated hypotension, shock, and, in some cases, death.

4. Nitric Oxide

5. The body secrete NO inhibitors like sGC inhibitor methylene blue which prevents the action NO and NO reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide which inactivates NO

6.When there is foreign antigens in the body, TH1 cells synthesise NO which stimulates inflammatory prostaglandin by activating COX-2. COX-2 has direct vasodilatory effects with NO. NO generated during inflammation contributes to the erythema, vascular permeability, and subsequent edema associated with acute inflammation.  

7. when there is an excess of NO synthesis it can lead to excitotoxic neuronal death, a  stroke and Parkinson’s disease.