• What do you understand by the term "endothelium-dependent" vasodilation? Explain

It is like the bradykinin increases the intracellular calcium levels in the endothelium. Then it leads to synthesis of NO in the endothelium therefore there is vasodilation. 

• When we talk about the NOS enzyme, what is meant by "constitutive" and "inducible" enzymes and what are the pathological and physiological implications. 

​​​​​​​The inducible are in macrophages and smooth muscles and they imerge  after a particular substance has been added. The constitutive are enzymes that are repetately synthesized irrespective of physiological needed. Because of their availability they have the most pathological and physiological importance. 

• Explain how No contributes to the fatal pathology of septic shock 

​​​​​​​The upregulation to NO leads to production of vast amount of NO, which contributes to pathogen elimination but also inappropriate vasodilation and to loss of vascular resistance

• Which autocoids mechanism of action depends on effects on the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP system?

​​​​​​​Nitric Oxide 

• No maybe be toxic to the cell. Which mechanism are available to the body to counter this detrimental effect of NO 

​​​​​​​it can react with hemooroteins which oxidizes NO to nitrates. It can also be inactived by the reaction with oxygen form nitrogen dioxide 

• Name a way in which NO can act pro-inflammatory. Give examples where it will have advantage of disadvantage 

​​​​​​​It is an immune regulator. Its advantage is that the synthesis of NO is helpful in protection of  injected parasites in animals after inhibition of iNOS. Its disadvantage is that in inflammatory conditions NO production may exacerbate tissue injury 

• In which possible neurological and psychiatric disease is NO involved?

Stroke 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis a

Parkinsons disease