Vygotsky's zone of proximal development:

Learning,according to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory,is primarily a social process in which the support of parents,caregivers,peers,and the larger society and culture plays a critical role in the development of higher psychological processes.The teacher knows how the learner learns best and can determine what a learner can achieve with outside guidance,and also assess how much they know.Zone of proximal development is the space between where you are,where the learner is,and where you want to get them to as a teacher.It is the minimum amount of intervention needed again to get the learner from plan A to plan B.I should also know what I can do to for the learner to gain the level of understanding with whatever topic I am teaching.We don't have to do everything for them,but to find how much guidance can we give to bring them to have the same understanding.Scaffolding is a supporting system or tool which we always need to match with the learner.If the learner can do without assistance, don't help rather use words of encouragement.

The important aspects of learning theories:

According to Erikson's developmental theory,each stage presents a conflict to the individual,which may or may not be successfully resolved within that stage.Foundation phase stage of industry vs inferiority can be explained as a productive relationship,where to get things done in order to succeed.Learners at this stage have a sense of competence,and they believe they have what it takes to succeed.They are also willing to try.With inferiority,here we find learners who have a feeling of failure,or have been disappointed many times.Such learners feel like they don't have enough,because children socially compare themselves to others.Some have a negative experience,or get negative feedback from the teacher.As teachers and parents we have to play an important role in our learners lives by providing enough motivation and encouragement.

Children,according to Piaget,learn in stages he referred to children as"active learners",believing that through their experience,children create their own views about the world around them.Teachers should allow learners to explore a variety of materials,particularly those that lend themselves to concepts,such as sand,water and dough.

Because Vygotsky saw learning as a social activity, collaboration is an important part of productive work in the ZPD.Vygotsky realised that we learn through our dialogic interactions with others,the area beyond a learner's level of independent skill or knowledge.Learners are apprenticing and so unable to engage in the task on their own when they perform in their ZPD for a specific assignment.They require appropriate supervision,modelling,and help,all of which can be offered through peer or teacher engagement.

The most important aspects of holistic development:

Physical development relates to the growth and skill development of the body including brain,muscles and senses.It helps identify children at risk of delay,and support their physical development through targeted activities and interventions.

Social development refers to the process by which a child learns to interact with others around them.When learners make music with their peers,they engage in social interaction.They also gain skills to communicate with other people.

Why basic knowledge about the musical development:

Children respond positively to music,and different emotions are experienced and imitated through music.Music will also teach children to develop time management skills and discipline.It can prove social skills