According to Kohle(2016) he defines water challenge as South Africa doesn’t receive much annual rainfall which then makes it the 30th driest country in the world. It precipitation is 450 mm just covers half of the world average of 860 mm. the country faces sometimes long lasting droughts. The country is made out of hard rock and therefore approximately 20% of ground water can be used 

According to Sarkodie and Adams(2020) income inequality had a negative impact on access to electricity research indicates that achieving energy justice is a problem in countrys such-as south africa due to high levels of corruption. Whilst those with high income can afford access  to electricity 

social justice according to calma(2011) social justice is to seek balance between our joint responsibilities as a society and our responsibilities as people to contribute to a joint society

according to Rathzel environmental social justice is a term which aims to address equity and fairness linked to injustice that stem from environmental problems the wettland program alleviated pocerty by employing people. The program grow an opportunity for those who unemployed to enter the labour market by providing income tertiary and qualification worker’s would be employed in a period of 24 month in a period of five years