Lean Jonker 31668577

Which drugs are used in chronic muscle spasm?

• Baclofen
• Diazepam
• Tizanidine
• Dantrolene
• Botulinum toxin
• Gabapentin
• Pregabalin

Which drugs are used in acute spasm?

• Methocarbamol
• Orphenadrine
• Mephenesin
• Cyclobenzaprine
• Metaxalone

Name and discuss the mechanisms of action of the drugs with an effect in the spinal cord.

3 drugs work in on the spinal cord. (BDT Brain Down To – Botton Part of Brain AKA the Spinal cord).

Baclofen

• Works in both Pre and Post Synoptically.
• Pre: Works in on the GABA-B receptor. Decreasing Glutamate release.
• Post: Facilitates the GABA-B inhibition effect.

Diazepam

• Post Synoptically Facilitates the GABA-A inhibition effect.

Tizanidine

• Pre-Synapse Alpha 2 antagonist effect.
• Leading to a decrease in glutamate release.

What is dantrolene, what is its mechanism of action and what is it used for?

                Dantrolene is a direct acting skeletal muscle relaxant.

It Work in the Skeletal Muscles’ sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) causing a decrease in activator Ca+ release.

It is used in the treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia (a very

high temperature, tachycardia, tachypnoea, increased carbon dioxide

production, acidosis, rigid muscles, and rhabdomyolysis.)

In which of the drugs is sedation a side effect?

• Diazepam (Most)
• Baclofen (Less)
• Dantrolene (More Less)

What is the mechanism of action of methocarbamol and what is it indicated for?

Used to treat acute muscle spasm caused by spinal injury

It woks via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase at synapses in the autonomic nervous system

Use your SAMF, a MIMS or any other relevant source and list the preparations available in South Africa for the treatment of chronic and acute muscle spasm.

• Baclofen
• Orphenadrine
• Methocarbamol

-MIMS