Buckle Single factor theory mentioned that Eastern nations flourished because of the warm climates, fertile soil, rain-abundance.  South Africa use Mpumalanga province to plant most of vegetables and fruits to survive and also for the economy of the country. Mpumalanga province is known for a great warm climate, the fertile soil  and the abundant of rain. 

Emile Durkheim’s theory attempt to devise a solution to what is essentially an ecological crisis of rising population paired with scarce resources.

Karl Marx

Marx and Angels believed that the conflict between capitalists and  workers not only isolated ordinary people from their jobs but also bring a rise to their  alienation from the nature. Capitalist agriculture prioritize to make quick profit from the land than the welfare of both human and soil. This theory also put emphasis on the state in fostering ecological destruction.

Max Weber believed that materials of the nature as a force of nature. He gave ecological crisis analysis of the problem of soil fertility within capitalist agriculture. He mentioned that the major ecological crisis caused by the loss of natural resources and environmental degradation. For example Cape Town suffered a severe drought that is believed to be caused by both natural and human drivers of climate change.