TAMMY MAY
Blog #8
17 Mar 2021, 15:07
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Inhalation Drugs |
Effects |
|
Halothane |
CNS: Fast smooth induction CVS: decrease BP Uterus: ↓ muscle contractions |
|
Enflurane |
CNS: Fast, smooth induction convulsions CVS: No sensitization of the myocardium |
|
Isoflurane |
CNS: Fast induction + recovery CVS: Less ↓ than Halothane + Enflurane No sensitization of myocardium Respiratory: Potent ↓ effect |
|
Desflurane |
CNS: increase cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure Has strong smell and irritate airways. Can cause coughing and shortness of breath if used as induction. |
|
Sevoflurane |
Less irritation of airways Potentiate the effects of the non-depolarizing muscle relaxants |
|
Nitrous oxide |
CVS: No effect CNS: Weak anesthetic, potent analgesic, amnesia No skeletal muscle relaxation |
Major acute toxic effects of the inhalation drugs
- Nephrotoxicity: metabolism of enflurane and sevoflurane are able to generate compounds that may lead to nephrotoxicity after prolonged exposure.
- Hepatotoxicity: after surgery and general anesthesia, hepatic dysfunction may be caused by hypovolemic shock, infection through blood transfer or surgical stress.
- Hematotoxicity: prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide can decrease methionine synthase activity that can lead to megaloblastic anemia.
- Malignant hyperthermia: volatile anesthetics can induce malignant hyperthermia when a patient who suffers from malignant hyperthermia undergoes general anesthesia.