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Part 10

According to K. Phajane (2021) Early social scientists and sociologists used geography and the environment into their societal theories. In its endeavor to rid mainstream sociology of "determinism," sociology likewise ignored the impact of the environment on society. Various scientists continued to include the environment in their research, building on the work of earlier scientists.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Buckle's thesis was that the environment is a crucial influence in a country's success. He distinguishes two periods in world history: early and modern: Warm weather, fertile farmland, and plenty of rain helped Eastern nations thrive. To withstand the cold, northern civilizations were resourceful and inventive, generating a significant amount of food. Huntington set out to show that the development and collapse of entire civilizations, such as ancient Rome, is linked to changes in climatic zones through time.  Herbet spencer a philosopher. Darwinist principles were applied to the human-social context. its ontology was competition of life' in which humans compete with other species for existence in the natural universe as well as with each other in a social world he rejected concept of social reform because Theorems based on a single factor were deterministic. Marx's diagnosis of the primary ecological dilemma of his time-the problem of soil fertility in capitalist agriculture-was profound.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Despite being only mildly concerned with environmental deterioration, their examination of social structure and social development serves as the foundation for several significant current environmental ideas. Capitalistic practices, it is argued, detach ordinary people from their work and from nature itself; 'capitalist agriculture': rapid profit is prioritized above soil (environment) or people (community).

K. Phajane. 2021. SU5: Environment and Society: Environment in the SA context  . part 10 [PowePoint presentation]. Unpublished lecture notes on efundi. SOCY211.Vaal: NWU