b.khosa 34713484

Part 12

According to K. Phajane (2021) four environmental narratives identified in SA.

1. 1. the conservation,
   2. the economic,
   3. non-state actors and
   4. local views.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Narrative 1: The conservation view is the oldest narrative, with origins in the Apartheid era; regarded as authoritarian (think on this) when community viewpoints are not included in decision making. When policies, practices, or directives it exclude people and eliminate their rights to land and other natural resources on that land, o result in forced removals and resettlements.

According to K. Phajane (2021) The motivation for an authoritarian method is to assure land protection in the interests of a nation, region, or community; it has a noble goal but inadequate practices (mostly in the past in most countries; colonial roots). Among the reasons justifies approach of instilling fear and worry over the status of the environment, particularly its deterioration in quality , see the environment as a victim in need of rescuing from uneducated and destructive local communities; does not believe that collaboration is feasible or that cooperative solutions can be developed.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Narrative 2: The economic view is the environment is viewed as a commodity that is primarily there for selling and buying: o in colonial times for a privileged group to profit from is identified as an economic asset capable of bringing about long-term socioeconomic development and transformation not only in the specific locality but throughout the country.

According to K. Phajane (2021) The motivation is that capitalist approach (those with the means and hence the power discover chances to exploit resources in order to make money) (which theoretical perspective do you recognise).Nature is an untapped resource that should be harnessed (and hence profitably sold) to pull people out of poverty - therefore a profit as well as a development purpose.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Narrative 3: The non-state actor view is the outside of the local community, views are expressed by external interested parties like academics, scientists, non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

According to K. Phajane (2021) The approach is motivated by a conviction in the inherent worth of the environment, which should be maintained and appreciated responsible environmental stewardship by communities and government and responsible environmental stewardship by individuals. the strong assumption that natural resources are limited and a rejection of anthropocentric viewpoints· contesting state power and decision-making in the pursuit of unconstrained economic expansion

According to K. Phajane (2021) Narrative 4: Local community views the views are influenced by time, geography, human qualities and circumstances, as well as local power and politics, these perspectives are complicated and extremely differentiated.

According to K. Phajane (2021) The following factors determine motivation for the approach the nature of the interaction with the environment as determined by the socio-political context policies and practices as a framework for direct views and reactions of local communities

According to K. Phajane (2021) There is a development of environmental thought as articulated in South African environmental discourses in each narrative.

According to K. Phajane (2021) Sustainable development is our biggest challenge in south Africa . sustainable development is an situation where human responds  and use natural resources. This process includes the use of natural resources it is its duty to make sure that it doesn’t run out. It control natural resources and make sure that it does not run out and it’s there for the future. The second one is development it still continue to run in the 21 century like sustainable development  there is lack of consensus in development and what it stand for. Traditionally development is seen in economic terms. Development find different levels between countries.

K. Phajane. 2021. SU7: Application: Environmental problems & environmental social justice in SA
Part 12 . part 12 [PowePoint presentation]. Unpublished lecture notes on efundi. SOCY211.Vaal: NWU