Structural functionalist orientation views society as a system of interrelated parts in dynamic equilibrium. Society operates as one in order for it to function and to be stable. Social stability is important for every other function of society. Social problems are a result of failure of social institutions which weaken social stability. Solutions to social problems need to be gradual rather than sudden and far-reaching. Social problems can be avoided by making sure social institutions are functioning well. 

Confli orientation views society as a system that is characterised by pervasive inequality. There are different groups in society that make it function and stable for themselves. Social stability is not prioritised as the different groups end up in conflict over resources. Social problems are a result of inequality in society. Solutions to social problems need to involve fast-reaching change in the structure of the society. Solutions problems can not be avoided as there is already inequality in the society.