modernisation is a procedure of social, economic, and cultural transformation in a way that a country evolves from the pre-industrial or the underdeveloped status to a modern society. The theorists of modernisation believe that the underdeveloped countries (less developed countries) LCDs are to be developed they need to let go of the tradition-oriented cultures, they believe that they are hindering the process of modernisation. According to Rostow's modernisation theory countries have to follow stages, and the stages are as follows: the traditional society, pre-conditions to take off, take off, the drive to maturity, high mass consumption. the modernisation theory explains that all the societies starts from a traditional underdeveloped and then the societies go through the transformation of development for them to be fully developed. underdevelopment is viewed as the initial condition of the LCDs and for countries to become MCDs they have to adopt and repeat the experiences of the MCDs or the north.  dependency theory was originated in 1960 as the result of the failure of the modernisation theory to address the underdevelopment of the third world countries. the dependency theory that was popular in the 1960s and the 1970s is still a useful tool for explaining global inequalities despite the challenges of the 21st century. the dependence theory focused on the origins and subsequent development of the underdevelopment. the dependence promote that all the contemporary societies are integrated into a single world economic system which is capitalist. the theorists of the dependency maintain that the third world counties are poor because they have been and continue to be used by the first world countries and this exploitation evolved from colonisation