GIVE A THOROUGH DEFINITION OF POVERTY AS SUGGESTED BY EXPERT
There has been a debate about who is the best to define poverty. Is it best explained by experts or by ordinary people who have a first hand experience of what it means to be poor?
The expert derived definition of poverty is identified in 7 different subheadings. Fractions of the income distribution: most definitions of poverty are linked to the national income and expenditure distributions. In SA, the concept of relative poverty is often defined by the reference to the bottom 20% or 40% of expenditure distribution. Poor has been defined as the 40% of households and ultra poor as the poorest 20% of households (May, 1998:27) . $1 AND $2 A DAY: The actual value of $1 per day when the line was constructed consisted of the median of the ten lowest national poverty line in developing countries. The Poverty Datum Line: The first type of poverty to be developed in SA was monetary. The first line of poverty consisted sorely of the cost of food, clothing, cleansing materials, fuel and light and the secondary poverty datum line added cost of accommodation , transport for the breadwinner and taxation (Ibid). Minimum Level Living (MLL) and Supplement Living Level (SLL): MLL described poverty as the lowest sum possible on which a specific size of household can live and SLL is the secondary poverty line to be developed to include few basics. The Household substance level (HSL) and household effective level (HEL): The HSL poverty line excluded the provision of medical expenses, education, savings, holidays or recreation, insurance, buying household equipment and transportation apart from the trip of the breadwinner to and from work. Hooyeveen and Ozler- upper and lower bound poverty lines : the poverty line was developed in 2004 using the "cost of basic needs" approach (based on 2000 prices). The upper bound line set was at R593 per capita per month and the lower bound line was set at R322 per capita per month. Food Insecurity measures of poverty : Work was done to develop food poverty line which had to create a nutritionally balance minimalist died for household. The work used the lowest food ratio scale for items used by HSL. The approach is also referred to as calarific approach where certain poverty lines are drawn based on a calorific base for food consumption. The non-food items were added and the danger may be not knowing what other people would want and instead link the poor people with the poor standards using your past experiences to buy.