The four environmental narratives identified in SA are;

Narrative 1:the conservation view

Narrative 2:the economic view

Narrative 3:the non-state actor view

Narrative 4:local community views

The objective and motive for each narrative is that;for narrative 1 the objective and motive is that it justifies approach by creating the alarm and panic about the state of the environment,in particular it's declining quality also view the environment as victim in need of rescue from ignorant,non caring and destructive local communities.

Narrative 2 the environment is taken as a commodity for sales and profits,whereby the one's with power can profit from it.

Narrative 3 the view comes from the external parties such as scientists and academics to use environment and nature to serve their own selfish needs, because they believe that environmental resources are finite.

Narrative 4 the view is complex and differentiated because it has a much broader context that can be influenced by individuals,circumstances as well as power and politics.

To conserve the environment all parties involved like politicians, citizens, academics and scientists should come up with innovative ways and explore each possibilities on how to protect the environment by using policy circle model as a heuristic to implement and evaluate the environmental narratives. Measures should be taken because the environmental issues primarily affects the marginalised and the poor minority neighbourhoods, whereby the industrial sites and dump toxic waste will be located next to them and yet they don't have any day because the people responsible have certain statuses and power.

The economic view is that the environment is used for profits,but in actual fact the profits only benefit certain people. Exploitation of local labour and lack of social upliftment occurs  where mining operations takes place and environmental health risks are also involved. That is  how the socio economic rights and environmental rights are being violated.

In sustainable development discourse, the proponents tend to explore the environmental costs of development activities and environmental policies,hence the concept is important,but is approached differently by developed and developing countries such as South Africa.