Structural functionalist orientation and conflict orientation 

The structural functionalist orientation states that society is a system that is made up of interrelated parts that work together and if it happens that one part of the system stops working or change, the whole system will no longer work properly. This is different from the conflict orientation where groups from different social classes, race, gender are in conflict with each other and the conflict arises from the competition for resources. In the structural functionalist orientation, social problems occur when one or more parts of the system fails to perform their tasks, this will create a dysfunction in the society which will lead to social problems, while in the conflict orientation social problems can arise when the higher class exploits the lower class by keeping most of the capital and resources for themselves. Social problems can create negative consequences for both theories, but they can also be necessary in the society