In study unit 1 the most interesting part i learned is about 3 Learning Theories.

1.Erickson stages of psychosocial  development.

(From age of 5-11 children develop sense of pride).

2.Piaget cognitive development theory.

(Children learn by interacting with the world they live in and they build new knowledge based on the existing skills and knowledge they already have)

 

3.Vigotsky and the zone of proximal development 

(Focus on socio cultural  factors that influence cognitive development)

I am looking forward to this interesting module that teaches me about child's development and music.

1. Explain your understanding of Vygotsky zone of proximal development.The ZPD refers to a learner’s ability to perform tasks successfully with the help or more skilled people, and it is frequently mentioned in relation to facilitated or scaffolded learning. The production of ZPDs requires help with cognitive structuring of learning tasks as well as sensitivity to the learners current abilities.
2. Summarize the most important aspects of the learning theories of Erickson, Piaget, and Vygotsky for your teaching practice as foundation phase teacher.               Erickson theory of psychological development..                                              Learners are currently in the fourth stage of the industry vs. Inferiority conflict (age 5-11).Through social interaction and relationships, children gain pride in their achievements and talents at this time. To feel happy and confident about their abilities and success, children heavily rely on feedback from peers, instructors and parents.

      Piaget cognitive development theory

• Emphasizes the idea that children learn through interacting with the world and they construct new knowledge based on previously acquired skills and information (prior knowledge). One of the most crucial factors to consider when discussing children’s cognitive development, according to Piaget, is to recognize that children think differently than adults. Foundation phase children fall between both pre-operational stage (age 2-6, i.e. grade R and the concrete operational stage (age 7-11, i.e. grade 1-3).

      Vygotsky’s developmental theory

• Theory emphasizes the importance of social interaction and language development by focusing on the socio-cultural elements that influence cognitive development.
• According to Vygotsky, it is impossible to fully comprehend a child learning demands and developmental stage without taking in to account the social environment as well as the impact of social elements on a personal level.
• Vygotsky argued that tools influence cognition in the social context, and that adults transmit these tools to children, who internalize them.
• As a result of cultural skills gained through social contacts as well as internalization and mental transformation, cognitive change occurs (Shunk, 2016).

Reflect on your newly gained knowledge of learning theories and holistic development and create a mind map in which you outline the most important aspects of holistic development in the foundation phase.

• I have learned about learning theories of Erickson, Piaget and Vygotsky.
• In Erickson theory children from age of 5-11 develop sense of pride, they depend on their teachers, friends and peers for praise.
• Piaget believed that children interact with the world that they live in and they construct new knowledge based on the prior knowledge.
• Vygotsky believed that child’s ability to learn can be enhanced by social contact with adults and more knowledgeable peers.

Important aspects of holistic development in the foundation phase

1.Physical

2.Emotional

3.Social

4.Spiritual

5. Mental (cognitive intellectual)

6. Language

7. Personal

Physical development

• Physical growth is aided by music activities, particularly dancing and playing instruments.
• Aids in the development of both gross and fine motor abilities
• Learners can improve their balance, coordination, and body awareness by dancing to music.

 Cognitive development

• Music education improves concentration, multi-tasking, numeracy and literacy skills.
• Learn new words and phonics to increase learner’s vocabulary.
• Problem solving and creative thinking are taught to learners.
• Higher order thinking skills, logical and abstract reasoning, and knowledge internalization are promoted through music education.

Social development

• Learners can engage in social engagement by making music with their peers.
• Foster friendship and potentially develop new ones.
• Learners in foundation phase learn about taking turns, respecting others opinions, and feeling through participating in these activities.
• Improve learner’s communication abilities.

Personal development

• When foundation phase learners participate in music activities, they have the potential to grow as individuals.
• Learners achieve success in music education when they can successfully participate in music activities with peers, design and perform their own body percussion patterns.
• Learners learn more about themselves, their likes and dislikes when engaging in music.

Emotional development

• Learners learn to recognize a variety of emotions.
• To recognize and correctly express their own emotions.
• To be attentive to other people’s feelings.

4 Why is it important to have basic knowledge about the musical development of foundation phase learners?

• It aids the coordination of the body and mind.
• Children who are exposed to music early in life are able to learn the sounds and meaning of words. Children can improve their motor skills while also participating self-expression by dancing to music.

5 Create suggestions for music activities which will support the various developmental areas of foundation phase learners (see 1.3.1-1.3.5). Formulate at least three music activities that could support and promote each developmental area.

• Physical play
• Play with objects
• Games with rules

6 write short critique about implications of knowledge about learning theories such as those of Erickson, Piaget, and Vygotsky with regard to the way in which this knowledge informs your teaching approach as well as the way you approach activity planning.

Critique implication of knowledge about Piaget.

• Adapting instruction to the developmental level of the learner is one of Piaget’s most important implications. Instructional content should be appropriate for the learner’s developmental stage.
• The role of the teacher is to help students learn by providing variety of experiences.

Critique implication of knowledge about Vygotsky

• The idea that the potential for cognitive development is dependent on the “Zone of proximal development” (ZPD), a level of development obtained when children participate in social interaction, is a significant component of Vygotsky’s theory. Full social engagement is required for the ZPD to mature fully.

Critique implication of knowledge about Erickson

• Erickson’s theory encompasses the full life span and outlines the psychological crisis and results that can be expected at various stages of life. It provides a means of finding children in their developmental trajectory and comprehending their illness or life challenges as a reflection of growth stumbling blogs.