Name an example of each of the three phenothiazine sub-families and state how they differ from one another in terms of potency and side effects.
SUB-FAMILY | EXAMPLE | POTENCY | SIDE EFFECTS |
Aliphatic side chain | Chlorpromazine | Low potency |
Little EPS Severe sedation Strong anti-cholinergic effects Strong alpha-lytic effects (postural hypotension) Cardiotoxic |
Piperidine side chain | Periciazine | Low potency |
Little EPS Severe sedation Strong anti-cholinergic effects Strong alpha-lytic effects (postural hypotension) Cardiotoxic |
Piperazine side chain | Fluphenazine | High potency |
More EPS Weaker anti-cholinergic effects Weaker alpha-lytic Less sedation Less Cardiovascular side effects |
Which receptors in particular are blocked by the typical antipsychotic drugs?
Block Mesolimbic D2 receptors
How does the mechanism of action of the atypical drugs differ from that of the typical drugs?
Which of the receptors blocked by the older drugs reduce the risk of extrapyramidal side effects?
D3 receptors
Which of the older drugs have a high incidence of extrapyramidal side effects? What is the reason for this?
Haloperidol
This drug is a potent D2 blocker, which increases the prevalence of EPS
Because of which receptor(s) blockade do the aliphatic group of drugs have a high incidence of autonomic side effects?
Cholinergic receptors