Buckle shows in his theory that the environment is essential for humans to flourish. However, with good climate comes a lot of food and also more reproduction. This growing population puts strain on resources and the land becomes over cultivated. Famine sets in people struggle to survive. Other countries flourish because they learn to use their environment and be innovative with technological advances. Some areas of the world are not as fertile, but ways are made to make sure there is enough food. The only issue is that with overpopulation, the land is stripped of its nutrients and there is simply not enough land to feed a whole population the size of America. There is simply not enough land to feed all Americans so commercial farming takes place in tight spaces for animals to breed and be slaughtered for food. In South Africa the population is growing, and we find that resources such as water is becoming scarce especially in dry land areas with large population sizes. With regards to Huntington, the environment affects human civilizations in a way that climate change can cause the fall of civilizations for example Ancient Rome. He focused on the correlation between climate and intelligence where colder climates result in more of a demand for forward thinking and innovation to produce enough food. Certain areas in a country have different climates just as in South Africa. The Western cape is ideal for wineries while Kwazulu-Natal is suitable to growing foods such a sugar cane that is used to make sugar. Hence, this theory is useful in South African context because the warmer climate makes it easier to grow food with a great fertile land. Moving onto Herbert Spencer, he focuses on the notion of natural selection and that humans are in conflict with other species for survival. An example of this could be killing predators so that there is more animals available for humans to eat. This leads to the extinction of species and also people overuse the environment and kills species like elephants thinking they have special properties. His affects the food chain and eventually affect people and this can be stopped by finding sustainable ways to get food. With Emile Durkheim, structural functionalism is focused on where we function in a way to adapt to environmental changes. Max Weber speaks on the struggle of finding natural resources and the conflict that arises when the rich take control of the resources such as control over irrigation. These people have the money to invest for maximum efficiency. He also focuses on the fact that expanse of technology causes more resource use such as power stations using nuclear power and that this can lead to nuclear waste. This can get into water systems and cause harm to many. In South Africa the scarce resources can be preserved by moving towards alternative methods of getting power and also irrigating. Two forms of rationalization is looked at namely, substantive and formal rationality. Substantive rationality focuses on beliefs and values that revolve around people’s choices in making ends meet, and formal rationality focuses on rationalizing based on numbers and calculations. Substantive rationalism has the notion of not taking the impact on the natural environment into account. It is all about profits and in South Africa many rationalize what they are doing and do it all for profit not thinking about the impact it can have on the environment, and in turn the impact on people. This can be fixed by overthrowing the capitalist system. Moving to Marx, capitalism causes individuals and the environment not to be taken care of and workers get forced to move to the cities in search for work and this causes overpopulations and heavy pollution from city areas. The ground gets stripped of its natural nutrients in the name of profit. In South Africa it has been seen that many poor individuals move into cities in search of work and that is one of the reasons squatter camps are set up. They get taken advantage.