1.    Cystic fibrosis is a genetic mutation where the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) protein is not produced or is ineffective, leading to reduced secretions in various organs. Dornase alfa inhalation hydrolyses extracellular DNA from neutrophils (which increases the stickiness of the mucus, making a suitable environment for bacterial infections) ,thereby increasing the viscosity of mucus.
2.    Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is the absence of the surface active material, which covers the respiratory system airways, causing disrupted gas exchange the possibility of atelectasis. Monitoring of the respiratory system, oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure is required. Exogenous surfactants are administered and corticosteroids boost the surfactant production.
3.    Oxygen therapy is necessary to ensure oxygenation, but toxicity can lead to blindness.
4.    Neonatal aponea is a condition in premature babies where the medulla has not been fully developed, leading to insufficient breathing stimulation. Methylxanthines (theophylline) help by stimulating the central nervous system.