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Hannah Briggs #Blog 8

26 Jun 2021, 16:22 Publicly Viewable

1. Compile a table for yourself in which you list the most important effects on each system (CVS, CNS, respiration, kidneys, liver and uterus), but also indicate the exceptions. The table is important when it comes to choosing remedies.

Halothane (first series standard)

Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Fast smooth induction
  • Stage II = absent
  • Cerebral blood flow increase
  • Intracranial pressure increase

Autonomous System
  • Bradycardia

Cardiovascular System
  • Lowers blood pressure
  • Sensitize myocardium for arrhythmogenic effect

Respiratory System
  • No saliva - bronchial secretions
  • No cough

Muscular / skeletal language
  • Skeletal muscle relaxation
  • Stage III = Increases action of non-depolarizing effects
  • Reduces action of depolarizing effects (Succinylcholine)
  • Post-operative threat (hypoxia)

Uterus
  • Decreased muscle contraction (affects external rotation of baby)

Liver
  • Hepatotoxics (metabolised by the liver)

Enflurane

Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Fast, smooth induction
  • Sometimes convulsions, so not for Epilepsy leaders

Cardiovascular System
  • Non-sensitization of myocardium
  • Less blood pressure lowering than Halothane

Respiratory System
  • More reduction than Halothane

Isoflurane

Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Faster induction and recovery than Halothane

Cardiovascular System
  • Less blood pressure lowering than Halothane and Enflurane
  • Non-sensitization of myocardium

Respiratory System
  • Potent suppressive effect
  • Strengthens due to potent skeletal muscle anesthetic effect

Desflurane

Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Even faster induction and recovery than Isoflurane
  • Increases cerebral blood flow
  • Increases intracranial pressure

Cardiovascular System
  • Less blood pressure lowering than Halothane and Enflurane

Respiratory System
  • Sharp odor - irritating airways (as an inducer)
  • Causes cough, shortness of breath and laryngospasm
  • Avoid as an inducer

Sevoflurane

Respiratory System
  • Less irritating to airways, but similar to Desflurane

Muscular System

(undergoes metabolism and is chemically unstable)
  • Potentiating effects of non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxants (just like other halogenated eaters)

N2O (nitric oxide / nitrous oxide)

Central Nervous System
  • Poor anesthetic
  • Potent analgesic
  • Amnesia

Cardiovascular System
  • No effect

Respiratory System
  • Pure N2O - hypoxia (due to lack of oxygen, so always mix only oxygen or air)
  • Recovery phase = N2O rapid diffusion from blood to alveoli
  • Decreased oxygen pressure causes hypoxia

Muscular System
  • No skeletal muscle relaxation

2. Name the most important toxic effects of the inhalants.

  • Hypoxia
  • Hepatotoxicity
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Respiratory depression / irritation
  • Malignant hyperthermia
  • Post - operative nausea and vomiting
  • Post - operative irritation