Blog Summary

Which types of ion channels are found on the nerve cell membranes?

1. Voltage gated ion channels
2. Ligand gated ion channels
3. Metabotropic receptors

Name 3 differences between voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels.

Voltage gated	Ion gated
Commonly simulated due to change in membrane potential creating a cascading effect.Due to electrical current.	Stimulated due to a Ion (Neurotransmitter ) binding to a ion channel(Ionotropic receptors)
Transmits Signal fromm cell body to nerve terminal.	Allows more than one substance to move through the channel.
Na+,K+,Ca2+ channels

Compare ionotropic and metabotropic receptors.

Ionotropic: The onset of the desired affects is very fast but only last for a short period of time. The ion tropic has an effect on ion channels. Specifically, the opening there of, this opening will lead to an Inhibiting or Activation of the post synaptic potential leading to an activation or deactivation effect.

Metabotropic: This has a much slower onset of time, but the effect is longer lasting. It involves the use of G-Proteins resulting in the creation of second messangers.2 Main system are present (Adenylyl cyclase & Phospholipase C)

Classify the CNS receptors into ionotropic and metabotropic and know the transduction mechanism of each receptor.

Ionotropic	Metabotropic
GABA-A	Adrenerig (Alpha 1&2;B1;B2;)
Nicotinic	Dopamineergic(D1;D2)
EAA	Seotonergic (5-HT 1A &1B; 5-HT 2)
5-HT	Cholineergic Muscarine (M1 & M2)
	GABA (B)

Explain the difference between an EPSP and an IPSP and give examples of each

EPSP: Excitatory Post synaptic Potential, This causes an increase in cation permeability

IPSP: Inhibitory post synaptic Potential Prevent the EPSP to great an action potential under resting conditions.

What is the role of calcium in the development of a synaptic potential?

Ca2+ triggers synaptic vesicle exocytosis, thereby releasing the neurotransmitters contained in the vesicles and initiating synaptic transmission.