Name an example of each of the three Phenothiazine sub-families and state how they differ from one another in terms of potency and side effects

Sub-family	Aliphatic side-chain	Piperidine side-chain	Piperazine side-chain
Drug example	Chlorpromazine	Periciazine	Fluphenazine
Potency	Low potency	Low potency	High potency
Side effects	Severe sedation, little EPS, strong anti-cholinergic effects, strong alpha lytic effects, cardiotoxic	Severe sedation, strong anti-cholinergic effects, strong alpha lytic effects, cardiotoxic	More EPS, weaker anti-cholinergic effects, weaker alpha lytic effects, less sedation, less CVS effects

Which receptors in particular are blocked by the typical antipsychotic drugs?

• It blocks the D₂ receptors mostly but it can also bind to muscarinic, alpha, histamine and serotonin receptors

How does the mechanism of action for atypical drugs differ from typical drugs?

• The typical drugs work by blocking the D₂ receptors found in the mesolimbic system
• The atypical drugs block the 5-HT_2A receptors more than the D₂ receptors

Which of the receptors blocked by the older drugs reduce the risk of extrapyramidal side effects?

• The post-synaptic D₂ receptors that are blocked by Benzamides

Which of the older drugs have a high incidence of extrapyramidal side effects? What is the reason for this?

• Butyrophenone derivatives (Haloperidol) due to the potent D₂ blocking effects
• Diphenylbutylpiperidines (Pimozide) due to potent D₂ blocking effects

Because of which receptor(s) blockade do the aliphatic group of drugs have a high incidence of autonomic side effects?

• Due to the blockage of the a receptors