What does anterograde amnesia mean and which drugs can cause this effect?

anterograde amnesia means the inability to remember events occurring during the drug’s duration of action

drugs that cause this : triazolam and temazepam

Name the effects of the sedative-hypnotic drugs on the normal sleep pattern and explain their significance to the patient.

• they decrease the time to fall asleep 

• increases total sleep duration 

• benzodiazepines increases the duration of phase 2 NREM 

• Decreases the duration of phase 4 NREM

• Zolpidem decreases REM sleep, has minimum effect on SWS 

it helps the patient sleep where patients normally have less than 6 hours of sleep.

 

Which of the sedative-hypnotic drugs are used as a supplementary therapy in anaesthesia?  Can you explain why?

phenobarbitone 

phenytoin 

diazepam 

lorazepam 

midazolam 

they are highly lipophilicity, rapid onset of action and have CNS effects 

 

Which of the sedative-hypnotic drugs are used as anticonvulsants?

phenobarbitone, clonazepam, clobazam

diazepam lorazepam 

What is the mechanism of the muscle-relaxing effects of some of the carbamates and the BDs?

inhibits postsynaptic reflexes

Discuss the effects of the sedative-hypnotic drugs on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

medullar depression: therapeutic doses significant respiratory depression in pulmonary disease and cardiovascular depression in cardiovascular disease 

• increased dose, death  due to depression of medullary respiratory center

respiratory and CVS  effects are more marked with IV administration