Discuss any four factors that constitute development illustrating each with examples from the SA context.

1. Growth and Structural change

Growth and structural change are necessary for development to happen. There are three different sectors in which a country can fall in: The primary sector which includes countries that earn income through fishing, farming, forestry, etc. these countries are less developed. The secondary sector includes countries with medium national income, these countries are called developing countries. The tertiary sector includes countries with high national income, these countries are referred to as developed countries. Countries need to move from the primary sector, through the secondary sector, and into the tertiary sector in order to develop. This means structural changes must take place as well. South Africa can be seen as a developing country as a lot of the country's income comes from mines and fishing, however, it is not the countries only source of income.

2. Modernization

Theorists argue that a country needs to embrace modern and technological advances in order to develop. South Africa has not fully embraced technology as a lot of the economical systems are still based on outdated technology, whereas countries like for instance Sweden focus a lot on technological advances in improving their standards. A country must focus on technological advances as the whole world is getting more technologically advanced, which helps industries generate more income in less time needed. However, technology also replaces human labour, which is already a problem in South Africa.

3. Rural to Urban migration

As a country becomes more developed, more citizens move from rural to urban areas for better work opportunities. This is clear to see why a country can be seen to develop because the more people migrate from rural to urban areas, the more the country moves towards the secondary sector and away from the primary sector. South Africa is a good example, as a lot of the farmers move from the rural areas to urban areas, for a safer life with more job opportunities.

4. Improvements in Health and Education

Education is important for a country to move from the primary sector to the secondary sector. In South Africa, a lot of people became farmers and fishermen because of the lack of education and forced to take jobs that do not require a degree. When education is improved, it is easier for people to open up new businesses, which then opens up job opportunities and to an extend increases the national income. Health improvements are also necessary, as the more advanced the countries healthcare is, the lower the countries death rate will be.