Learner's ability to successfully complete task with the assistance of more capable other people. Assistance from others also helps the learners to know how to learn how to work on difficulty  tasks and how to control or manage.

Erikson 

Foundation phase teacher's they can not disregard the important of starting relationships with their learners as well as learners having opportunities to foster really relationships with learners peers. Foundation phase  teachers therefore have an important role to play in their learners lives with sufficient extrinsic motivation and encouragement with the aim of fostering  feelings  competent, promoting their self-esteem and confidence. Aspects are: Religious, political, vocational and sexual.

Piaget 

Cognitive development is how a person is perceived,  think and gains understanding of their world through the realation of genetic and learning factors. Aspects: Reasoning, intelligence, language and memory. 

Vygotsky

The sensors motor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational,and formal operation  stage.

It is important because  it allows children to focus on specific musical aspects  and it also develop  the listening skills during the period. 

Response sound 

Learner's  can move  according  to the characteristic  of certain  music concepts  in a song move fast  or slow,show whether the music is loud  or soft,walk yo the beat of the music 

Movement abilities 

Children develop  greater large and small  motor movement coordination  as well as fine motor coordination. 

Rhythm skills

Learners start developing the ability to walk the beat while singing  or clapping  the rhythm.