MAVERICK NDLOVU
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Blog #8

24 Apr 2021, 15:37 Publicly Viewable

Halothane

CNS

 
  • Fast smooth induction 
  • Stadium II absent
  • ↑ Cerebral Blood flow + ↑ intracranial pressure (This is not positive effects)

Autonomic

  • Bradycardia ( Suppressing effects on the heart)

CVS

 

 
  • Sensitizes the myocardium to the arrythmogenic effects of catecholamines
  • Myocardial depressant

Respiratory system

 
  • No saliva, bronchial secretions or cough.

Musco-skeletal system

 

Skeletal muscle relaxing effects 

  • Stadium III
  • ↑ action nondepolarizing
  • ↓ action depolarizing
  • Postoperative shaking → hypoxia
  • Renal, decreased glomerular filtration rate and urine flow

 

Uterus

 
  • ↓ muscle contractions → external twisting of baby

 

Liver

  • Hepatotoxic (rare, unpredictable)

 

Enflurane

CNS

Fast, smooth induction

Induces seizure activity and thus it should not be used in epileptics

 

CVS

 

 

 

 

 

Depresses the myocardium to a lesser extent  than Halothane

Respiratory system

 

 

No saliva-, bronchial secretions or cough.

 

Isoflurane

CNS

 

Faster induction and recovery than Halothane

CVS

Smaller depressant effect than Halothane and Enflurane

 

 

 

                                                             

Respiratory system

Highest depressant effect.

Strengthens because of potent skeletal muscle relaxing effect

 

 

 

Desflurane

 

CNS

 

Even faster  induction + recovery than Isoflurane  ↑  cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure

CVS

 

 
  • L  

 

Has a myocardial depressant effect that is less than that of Halothane and enflurane

Respiratory system

 

Strong smell, irritate airways, if used as induction drug it can lead to a cough, shortness of breath and laryngospasm

 

 

Sevoflrane

 

CNS

  • Even faster induction and recovery than Isoflurane 

Respiratory system

CVS

  • Strong smell, irritate airways, if used as induction drug, cough, shortness of breath and laryngospasm

Has a myocardial depressant effect that is less than that of halothane and enflurane.

 

 

Nitrous oxide

CNS

 

Weak anaesthetic potency but it has marked effects on analgesic and amnesic action.

CVS

 

 

 Has no effect                      

Respiratory system

 
  • Pure N2O leads hypoxia and thus it should always be mixed with O2.
  • Recovery period, N2O diffuses fast from the blood to the alveoli.
  • No skeletal muscle relaxation effect.

 

ACUTE SIDE EFFECTS

  • Post-operative hepatitis is seen with the use of Halothane.
  • Fluoride is released during the metabolism of methoxyflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane and may cause renal insufficiency.
  • Prolonged exposure to Nitrous oxide decreases methothianine activity thus leading to megaloblastic anemia.
  • Susceptible patients may develop malignant hyperthermia when general anesthetics are used together with neuromuscular blockers, especially Succinylcholine.