Provides a unique definition of COPD. A group of diseases that cause airway obstruction and respiratory distress, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchial asthma. A brief description of the proposed etiology and pathophysiology of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a non-specific obstructive airway disease that causes increased and decreased mucous secretions, with frequent bacterial respiratory infections, structural changes in the bronchi, and smoking and irritants. Damage causes irreversible dilation of the bronchi and arteries of the airways, trapping air in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale, reducing the size of capillaries, and inadequate gas exchange Which treatment Is it part of the treatment of COPD patients? Quit smoking if smoking is the cause Wide spectrum with bacterial infection, influenza vaccination, and infection AB-ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin Airway obstruction bronchodilator Secretions thin the mucus Oxygen inhalation in hypoxia Decreased vital capacity Regular mild to moderate exercise Why is ipratropium more effective in treating chronic bronchitis than in treating bronchial asthma? Ipratropium has anticholinergic properties that block the release of Ach and reduce mucus production. Bronchial asthma is not good because chronic bronchitis is characterized by increased mucus secretion. How does theophylline's effect on skeletal muscle help treat COPD? Theophylline improves diaphragmatic contractile function, increases ventricular volume, thereby reducing hypoxia and dyspnea, and COPD What role does oxygen therapy play in COPD? Prevents hypoxia and improves airflow and gas exchange