What are the common causes of rhinitis and rhinorrhea? Response to stimuli such as colds, colds, influenza, sinusitis, allergen exposure, heat, smoke, cold Rhinorrhea Can be used to treat allergies, colds, chemical or drug damage, cold or physical damage rhinorrhea Which is the drug group? Give an example for each group. How do first-generation antihistamines (eg, B. diphenhydramine decongestants differ in terms of mechanism of action and duration of action? ) How are they normally managed? Short effect (4-6 hours)-Example: B. Ephedrine Long effect (12 hours)-Example: B. Oxymetazoline Decongestant causes vasoconstriction of mucosal blood vessels and reduces nasal mucosal edema Can be administered topically or orally. This is the best way to distribute the drug and is usually given topically because it easily falls into the stomach and administers the spray. The safest. Oral decongestants cause more side effects and slower onset of action. What is Rhinitis Pharmaceuticalosa? How is it treated? Rhinitis excipientosa is caused by excessive use of decongestants, permanent contraction of blood vessels with inadequate blood circulation, permanent inflammation and swelling of the nasal mucosa, and alpha receptors in the blood vessels. It leads to the adjustment release. It no longer responds to alpha agonists. Can be treated with corticosteroids How do 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines differ in the mechanism by which rhinitis and rhinorrhea are alleviated? What are the benefits of second-generation antihistamines? Why shouldn't it be used to relieve a cold? First-generation antihistamines are pluripotent competing agonists that block muscarinic receptors. It is often included in cold remedies to reduce upper and lower respiratory tract secretions and eliminate rhinorrhea. However, they cause sedation and thus impair the ability to concentrate. Second generation antihistamines do not block muscarinic receptors and are suitable for long-term or short-term treatment of allergic rhinitis. Second-generation antihistamines have no sedative side effects Histamine is not involved in colds, but bradykinin does not help cure colds. When are corticosteroids, antiallergic drugs, mesna, and saline effective and how are they administered? Topically administered corticosteroid (nasal drops) effective in reversing allergic rhinitis, inflammatory rhinitis, nasal polyps, and rhinitis pharmaceuticals Anti-allergic drug preventive treatment for allergic rhinitis administered as nasal drops Mesna is used for local administration of nasal discharge