1.1 learning theories:

•Erikson's stage of psychosocial development which focuses on the learning relationship and influence of social interaction

•Piaget's cognitive development theory explains that children learn through interaction with the world and build new knowledge on existing skills and knowledge

•Vygotsky and the zone of proximal development focuses on the socio-cultural factors that influence cognitive development.

1.2 Musical development in the foundation phase, it allows learners to focus on specific musical aspects

1.3 Music and holistic development of foundation phase learners

•Physical development- dancing to music and playing instruments promotes physical development

•Cognitive development- engaging in music

• Social development- music activities helps learners to interact with others

•personal development- learners develop music personally if they experience music activities

•Emotional development- learners learn to identify different emotions when they experience music with various moods