1.) Voltage-gated and Ligand-gated

2.) Voltage-gated channels:

• Reacts when there is a change in membrane potential
• Highly concentrated channels
• Calcium and Potassium acts on a slower time scale

Ligand-gated channels:

• Opens  when neurotransmitter binds to ligand directly
• Channels are weakly sensitive to membrane potential
• When the channel gets activated, the channels opens for a short time

3.) Ionotropic receptors are responsible for fast synaptic transmission and metabotropic receptors are responsible for slow postsynaptic inhibition. 

4.) Ionotropic receptors

• GABA = IPSP
• Nicotinic = EPSP
• Glutamate = EPSP
• 5-HT = EPSP

Metabotropic receptors

• 7 Transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor

5.)  EPSP causes the postsynaptic membrane generate an action potential, whereas the IPSP  causes the postsynaptic membrane to less likely generate an action potential. 

6.) Calcium stimulates the synaptic vesicles, to release the neurotransmitters.