1. Ligand gated ion channels and  voltage gated ion channels
2. Voltage gated: -  Activation by means of changes in the action potential of the cell , transmit signals from the cell body to nerve terminal , involves Na, Ca, K channels for action potential propagation(binds to specific  ions)

Ligand gated : Activation by means of a ligand coming and binding to the receptor the neuronal membrane leading to the direct open of channels , non-specific and binds to neurotransmitters  such as serotonin, dopamine etc. 

3.  

Ionotropic Shorter effects(seconds) /fast Opening of ion channels Multiple subunit receptors   By means on NT binding to receptor on neuronal membrane which results in either hyperpolarization and an end of result of IPSP or the depolarization of membrane resulting in a EPSP	Metabotropic Longer effects(minutes) Metabolic changes 7 -transmembrane G coupled protein receptors Binding of NT to the receptor engages G protein resulting in the production 2nd msgs which modulates the opening of ion channels.

4. Ionotropic 

- GABA A

-Nicotinic receptor

-EAA

- 5-HT3

Metabotropic

1. Adenyl cyclase

• B1+2 and D1 : These stimulate the production of 2^nd msg CAMP
• D2, A2, M2, GABA B , 5HT1A ,5HT1B: these suppress the production of 2^nd msg CAMP

2. Phospholipase C

• A1, 5HT2, M1, H1 : stimulate the formation of 2^nd msg DAG and IP3

5. 

1. EPSP : This refers to when there’s an influx of sodium and calcium into cell through the opening of channels due to depolarization of the membrane resulting in an excitory post synpatic potential . Eg. Nicotine receptor when Ach comes and stimulates this receptor theres an influx of Na
2. IPSP: this refers to the suppression of action potential as a result of hyper-polarization

Eg.: GABA a being suppressed by the gama butliyic amino acid resulting due to an influx of chloride ions as a result of hyper polarization of membrane resulting in IPSP.

6. It is important for the release of  NT into the synaptic cleft. This happens when the action potential arrives at the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron resulting in the depolarization of the membrane rendering an influx of calcium into the cell,This then causes the vesicle to rupture by means of fusion thereby releasing the neurotransmiiter to allow for effect.