What are the possible mechanisms involved in the occurrence of tolerance to chronic alcohol intake?

If a patient consumes very high concentrations of alcohol chronically, higher then 100mg per decilitre. Then the MEOS (Mixed function oxidation) enzyme system, if stimulated regularly the system will desensitise and the patient will become more tolerant to alcohol.

What are the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the liver and hepatic metabolism?

Sedation, loss of inhibitions, nausea, decrease in judgement, the speech of the patient is effected patient may experience ataxia, impaired balance and coordination, the patient may even fall in to a coma and if untreated death.

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff-syndrome and how is it treated?

Neurological damage which is paired with ataxia, movement disorder and confusion, paralysis of face muscles.

It is treatment when thiamine is given parenterally to prevent permanent brain damage.

Fully explain the foetal alcohol syndrome.

The mother drinks alcohol chronically, the baby will be born with mental retardation, growth deficiencies, microcephaly and under developed middle facial area if the mother drinks alhole during her first trimester of pregnancy.

How do the pharmacokinetic interactions of acute alcohol consumption differ from that of chronic alcohol consumption?

Chronic alcohol consumers have to ingest al lot more alcohol to experience the same effect as acute alcohol consumers.

Chronic differs because the blood glucose levels decreases, immune system decreases which means the patient will get more infections and cancer may arise because a beverage may contain up to 15 carcinogenic compounds.

Name 4 drug interactions with alcohol where the pharmacological effects of the other drugs are potentiated by alcohol

Paracetamol and alcohol= paracetamol induces hepatotoxicity metabolite in heights therapeutic doses of alcohol, because paracetamol forms toxic metabolite, glutathione ions in the liver is depleted, and alcohol induces Cyp 2E1 enzyme and this causes toxicity 

CNS suppression and alcohol= Alcohol is a CNS suppression thus if you co-administer it with a other drug that causes CNS suppression this will enhances the effect.

Aspirin and alcohol= alcohol enhances anti plated aggregation effect of aspirin.

Alcohol = decrease the blood glucose levels in blood thus if co-administered with hypoglycaemic drug the blood glucose levels will decrease to dangerous levels.