Migraines are caused by the distribution of the trigeminal nerve to the intracranial arteries. The trigeminal nerves secrete peptide neurotransmitters, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a powerful vasodilator. Extravasation of plasma and plasma proteins into the perivascular space results in mechanical stretching, which activates the dura's pain receptors.

Treatment:

Triptans, such as Sumatriptan, are selective 5-HT1D and 5-HT1B agonists, causing vasoconstriction and preventing the migraine's vasodilatory effects as well as the discomfort associated with it. They also control neurotransmitter release, lowering the quantity of CGRP.

Ergot alkaloids, such as Ergotamine, act as a partial agonist at 5-HT and alpha adrenoreceptors, reducing the vasodilation that is associated with migraines.

Anti-inflammatory analgesics, such as aspirin, can help with migraine pain.

Calcium channel blockers, such as Verapamil, are effective in migraine prevention.

Beta blockers, such as Propranolol, are useful in migraine prevention.