Briefly explain what cystic fibrosis is and how dornase alfa acts to solve the problem.

Genetic metabolic disease that decreases DNase 1 that results in reduced secretions in various organs. Dornase alpha is a rhDNase inhaler that hydrolyse the proteins in the bronchial muscusto improve fluidity.

Briefly explain what neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is, what the general treatment strategies involve and how cortisone and exogenous surfactants solve the problem.

It is when surfactants cover the airways and therefore the lungs can fall flat causing death. Usually in premature babies. Cortisone initiates surfactant production. Exogenous surfactants are proactant alpha. Oxygen can also be used to ensure oxygenation or ventilation is used for positive pressure. 

What is the role of oxygen therapy in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?  What do the dangers of oxygen toxicity involve?

Oxygen is used to ensure oxygenation but increased oxygenation over a long period leads to retinal damage and blindness.

Briefly explain what neonatal apnoea is and how the methylxanthines solve the problem.  Which methylxanthine is used?

It is when the respiratory centre in newborns/ premature babies' brains are not yet fully developed to stimulate continuous breathing. Methylxanthines like caffeine, theophylline IV stimulates the CNS.