All these years on the use of language in literature, I have come to understand how it can be operated to establish the presentation and recognition of people, that can lead to the creation of differences through othering, stereotypes, exoticization, misinformation and distortion. The word othering has been demonstrated in a mischievous way in the examples I have read in an article 'How to write about Africa'. Wainana [2005]. Bart Williums - Change of channel, the TEDTALKS presented by Ngozi- the Danger of a single story. Minner[1956] in 'Body and ritual among 'Nacirema'.

As I consider these examples , I keep on thinking about my own stereotypes and stigmatization towards other people. When I was growing up, I have regarded Africa as poor, primitive continent, full of sickness and shortage of food. This was strengthened by the social media and literature that I used to absorb back then , which only picture Africa in a negative view. After reading Wainana's ironical work. I came to realise how my own sense of 'otherness' about Africa and preserve harmful stereotypes.

My positive stereotypes towards other people, like zimbabweans being natural smart and nigerians being good in running business and are rich. These stereotypes lead to biases, exclusion and contribute to the creation of difference although they are harmless.

In addition, I  realised that my assumptions and beliefs about other people was affected by my point of view. Ngozi's TEDTALK- The Danger of a single story helped me to understand that is essential to know various perspectives so that one cannot end up in the position of stereotyping.

Considering these examples of my own stigmatization and stereotyping , I have come to understand that it is important to carefully watch out the information and language , we absorb pf our biases and assumptions. it is more important to acknowledge our assumptions, beliefs  and words because they can lead to otherness.