When planning a music lesson the teacher must include many opportunities for learners to engage and actively listen during the lesson. Few suggestions when planning a music lesson:

1. There should be music at the beginning and at the end of every lesson.

2. Guide learners in music listening by giving them specific criteria and specific which music elements they should focus on.

2. Accommodate the different learning styles, abilities and interests of learners.

A well-planned lesson plan moves from lower to high order levels of thinking

Music education offers unique opportunities for addressing inclusive goals in education. Through music, we address the unique talents and needs of our learners by encouraging them to engage with all their five senses, which are:

1. Hear the sound.

2. Feel the sound.

3. Move to the instrument or vibration.

4. Smell the woods smell of instruments

5. See the instruments.

The structure and patterns of music have a soothing effect on the learners. When selecting the song to be used in the classroom, the teachers have to look at the types of activity they will be presenting and the activity must be presented in an authentic manner.

The teachers need to know what music learners want to engage with and which songs do the learners enjoy listening to at home and during their break. Combining different elements we can create music.

Basic elements of music are: 1. Duration of tone, 2. Pitch of tone, 3. Intensity of tone, 4. Quality of tone and 5. Texture.

We should always remember that our voices have a unique tone quality.

Holistic development it basically means the improvement of intellectual, mental, physical, enthusiastic and social abilities in a child so he/ she  could be able to face all the request and difficulties of everyday life.

Reading this study unit  has been much interesting for me as I have discovered a lot that will help me in future as a foundation phase teacher. I've a learned about these theories.

1.Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.

2. Piaget's cognitive development theory.

3. Vygotsky and zone of proximal development.

There are also elements of holistic development and they are;

a) Physical development- dancing and playing instruments.

b) Cognitive development- learners learn to solve problems and think creatively.

c) Social development- It create social interaction amongst learners and build relationships between them.

d) Personal development- build confidence and development self-esteem and identity.