HOLOGRAM TECHNOLOGY

A hologram is a physical structure that diffracts light into an image. The term "hologram" can refer to both the encoded material and the resulting image. A holographic image can be seen by looking into an illuminated holographic print or by a shinning a laser through a hologram and projecting the image into a screen  other methods of projecting and reflecting  image are often described as hologram, because they have an optical presence and spatial quality. for example  the pepper's ghost technique, which uses a partially reflective surface to mix a reflection with the scene beyond. Holography is based on the principle of interference. A hologram captures the interference pattern between two or more  beams of coherent light ( i.e laser light).

|This type of technology can play an important role were by public officials a hologram to conduct formal meeting(s). It important to save time and use resources sustainable. For instance you will have a minister  or government official who have to travel to Pretoria  to Cape Town for meeting, in this cases a hologram can be used to save time and  state  resources. This allows sustainable and effective governance, through using time wisely.

3 D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY 

3 D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3 D  printing object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive  process an object is created by laying  down successive layers of material until the object is created . Each of these layers can be seen as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of eventually object. 3 D printing works by starting a virtual design of the object  you want to create . This virtual design  is for instance a CAD ( Computer Aided  Design ) . A   3 D  scanner  can make a 3 D digital  copy of an object.  3 D scanner use different technologies  to generate a 3 D model. Expands  are: Time many  more. recently, companies like Microsoft and google enable their hardware to perform 3 D scanning, for example  Microsoft's kinect. In  the near future digitizing real objects into  3 D models will become as easy as taking a picture.

This type of technologies can be used in government projects, especially  when building  roads or any type of infrastructure. It can be used to simple structures before built. This can help in calculating the risks and avoiding unnecessary cost and expenditures.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology is  science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nano-scale, which is about 1 to 10. nano-meters. Nano-Science  and Nanotechnology are the study and application of extreme  small things and can be fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, material science, and engineering. The ideas  and concepts behind Nanotechnology involve the ability  to see and to control individual atoms and molecules. everything on earth is made up of atoms -the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the building and houses  we live in, and  our own bodies. Although modern nanoscience and nanotechnology are quite new, nanotechnology are quite new  centuries . Alternative -sized gold and silver parties created colors in the stained glass back then just  didn't know that the process they used to create  those beautiful works of art actually led to change in the composition of the materials meaning  they were working with nanotechnology in the original , meaning of the word. Nanotechnology, in its traditional sense, means building things from the bottom up, with atomic procision.

nanotechnology help us to resolve and understand small complex stuff. The government will have an advantage on this type on technology, with regards to agriculture. One of the challenges in South Afrca, as stated in our policy the national development plan vision 2030, is poverty. nanotechnology. nanotechnology involves the ability to see and control individual atoms and everything on earth is made up of atoms- the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and the houses  we live in.

T. MATLHAPA

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Designs are one of  the ways best ways to resolve local or national problems in South Africa. One of the questions that Gavin Mageni  asks is; "why is design important" and i would like to answer this question by saying that, designs can be a plan that aims  to better or rebuild  and  to improve the life's of people. This can be through material objects or systems in place.Designs can be used as a responsive tool to crisis and it should be in a way in which it serves all of us.It should be in a democratic manner,have lessons and also be able to deliver value, this means it should be inclusive, effective and community need related.South African challenges that can be resolved through designs.

Challenges faced in South Africa

-Poor constructions of houses

-Inactive citizens 

-Minority have access to better houses 

In order for a design to be deeply concerned with people, it should deal directly with people and in order for it to bring beauty and simplicity from complexity, it should be made out of new ideas to better the lives of people and also encourage them to come with new ideas. Co-creation and shared knowledge within our communities can also resolve the challenges above. This could allow communities to com up with innovative ideas and applying this methods to resolve their own challenges.

MATLHAPA THATO

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