1.) Voltage-gated and Ligand-gated ion channels

2.) Voltage-gated channels change the membrane potential of the cell while a ligand-gated ion channel uses a ligand such as a neurotransmitter.

Voltage-gated ion channels transmit signal from the cell body to the nerve terminal while the Ligand-gated channel does not do that. 

Voltage-gated channels make use of sodium, potassium and Calcium channels while ligand-gated channels make use of ionotropic receptors. 

3.) Both ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors make use of a ligand such as a neurotransmitter. Ionotropic receptors use a NT to then increase the conductance of the ion and this changes the electrical potential. This then can cause a IPSP or EPSP. Metabotropic receptors also use a NT but then when it binds to the receptor, it causes an increase in a intracellular second messenger such as cAMP. Effects last longer than that of ionotropic receptors.

4.) GABAa (Ionotropic) and IPSP

Nicotinic (Ionotropic) and EPSP

EAA (Ionotropic) and ESPS

5-HT3 (Ionotropic) and EPSP

5-HT2 (metabotropic) Increase in Phospholipase C and IP3. Alpha 1 and M1 and H1 receptors also use the same transduction method.

5.)  IPSP means when the ion channel opens because of the ligand it will produce a localized inhibitory postsynaptic potential, this means it gets hyperpolarized. For example a GABAa receptor.

EPSP means that when the ion channel opens because of a ligand it will produce a localized excitatory postsynaptic potential, this means it gets depolarized. For example Nicotinic receptors.

6.) When calcium enters the synaptic terminal, it causes the NT that are stored in the vesicles to be released to the synaptic cleft. The NT binds to its receptor and causes a postsynaptic response based on the receptor.