We don’t receive a lot of rain, when it rains the water evaporates and re enters to the atmosphere . In SA only a few percent of ground water is used. Which decreases the amount of  water. The need of water intensifies each year leading to more people with the need of water. Many people on South Africa don’t afford electricity and also it’s not accessible to everyone especially poor people.

2. according to Calma (2011) social justice means to find a balance between our responsibilities as a society and our responsibilities as individuals to contribute to society.

3. Social justice is for people who have been left out to environmental problems. In South Africa with the mines air is polluted .

4. The Wedland project to provide poor water and manage water flow in poverty stricken areas, this project also helps with providing job opportunities to people who suffer from poverty.

5. The resources we have In South Africa are running out such as water and coals for electricity  but now we are forced to use other ways for electricity, but this makes no difference because people in SA are unemployed therefore can’t buy electricity.

1. Non state Actors

Economic 

Local viewers 

The Conservation 

2. The conservative;

This approach creates alarm about panic of state of an environment. It’s objection is that nature does not need human interference  it restores itself. 
 

-The economic views 

Environment is seen as a commodity that is primary there for selling and buying. The view is seen as an economic asset. The motivation is that nature is an untapped resource that should be exploited  to lift people out of poverty .

- The non- state actor view

Objective is that view originates  from external interest parties outside of local community. Motivation is a belief in the value of environment that should be protected.

- The local community view

This view is differentiated  because it is informed by time, place and individual characteristics as well as power politics. Motivation of approach is influenced by nature of the relationship with the environment .

3. Yes they do.  They help us understand South Africa’s nature and how it contributes to the wellbeing. We also get to know things that will help us understand our country’s  wellbeing.

4. sustainable development  it works along with other countries to advance the theory and practice of ecosystem accounting called nature accounting and evaluation of ecosystem. This show how the issue of nature impacts our society. 
 

social justice envy discourses in SA shows us problems we face as a society such as poverty, poor education and unemployment also contribute to these problems.

5. The ecosystem accounting will help provide us with systemic way to measure stock track and report  of natural capital. It helps in  making South Africa know the problems they should fix 

Max Weber’s theory has two aspects that Murphy spoke about Scarce Resources it impacts capitalist in development hence there was a rise in that. Formal rationalization promotes persuasive logic where profit and efficiency are substantiate  which that result to degradation. In SA the extraction of gold without environmental concerns will result in LDC and deteriorate our environment. 
 

karl Max emphasis is on soil fertility within capitalist agriculture is not considered instead they focus on making profit. Industrial revolution  removes people from rural areas driving them to big cities and where it’s spilt is not rich with minerals.

in SA rural-urban migration has an impact as people move from rural to urban  areas where there’s too much pollution  and farmers are no able to look after them because of  infertility of the soil.

Environmental problems one the problems that impact society and our daily lives, these problems come with positive and negative impact to the society and to land. Environmental problems include climate change and air pollution, these two are closely related to each other because air pollution causes harm to the environment when air is polluted dangerous gases are released which that contributes to climate change in which we might get heavy rains such as floods that will damage people’s homes and destroy agriculture. It’s Advisable that we practice safe measures in order to avoid such incidents. Plastic polly impacts our wildlife. We also have deforestation which damages our agricultural unit and also decreasing oxygen and the usefulness of trees such as making papers. Water pollution is caused by the dumping of sewage’s and dirty things such as plastic, diapers and peeing in water, because the water is important in our daily lives for drinking and cooking etc.

Participatory development helps society to build their own capacity and rely on themselves. It allows people on grassroots become associated and become partners in development. Participation is used as a path to to join together people and give information.People of community are on involved in its development processes. It has shown some challenges in its development of inappropriate technologies  and limited capacity.

the participation is used as a communication model between community members and stakeholders 

Women in development gave a voice to women and pushing the issues of gender inequality into the centre stage. Women have been undermined for a long time and men are seen as superior to women due to gender stereotypes. The WID approach argues for integration of women in order to improve women and how they are seen in the society.

The women and development approach argues that equality will be essential in improving women’s place in society.

These two theories are both aimed at making sure that underdeveloped develop in order to sustain themselves without being dependent in western countries. The differences is that modernisation theory wants to bring development by making underdeveloped countries deviate from traditional orientated cultures. The dependency theory aimed that underdeveloped countries can develop while still with their traditions and culture. The two theories received criticism on the modernisation theory it regarded traditional life as primitive and dependency theory pays attention on external variables instead of internal factors that lead to underdevelopment 

Depression is a social problem because it is an illness the brings negative harm to many people in societies and families. It is very difficult to identify it true course but most People believe it is linked with a loss of a loved one and stress, it is not a personal choice but rather a mental illness that we can’t solve but we can find ways on which we can minimise it. We make sure that we check upon loved ones often to make sure that they are okay. Smash and grab is a social problem because it is a condition that prevents other people from achieving their goals causing greater harm to families since some loved ones are lost during this incident. This social problem helps some while making others suffer meaning that the society is threatened. Rape is a social problem because it brings a negative impact to the victim and also to the society, rape helps perpetrators to feed their egos while creating psychological damage to victims. We can fight rape by making sure we bring harsh measures that will be taken should a person decide to rape. Fast food  has contributed to an unhealthy lifestyle that people choose to live. It reduces quality diet and raising the risks of having disorders such as obesity. Not only does it have a negative impact on the physical health of consumers but it also affects them mentally, it is cause by eating unhealthy foods. Community can solve this by making sure there’s a reduction in the number of fast food companies and teach people on the healthy ways of eating. HIV/AIDS affects the society because when a loved one is affected they might loose their lives and a breadwinner could be lost to this illness. We can try and minimise it by making sure people use condoms and avoid multiple sexual partners.

Development is defined as progress which occurs socially, economically and politically it constitutes growth, structural change and disruptive equity.

DEVELOPMENT IS CONSTITUTED BY THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:

 Growth and Structural Change Development because the economies activities move from primary to secondary then tertiary sector. The income of less developed counties is generated from the primary sector which includes mining, fishing and agriculture. Developing countries make their income from secondary sector which includes manufacturing of raw materials. The developed countries have high income and in control of the tertiary sector such as telecommunications and health care.

Poverty is described as the deprivation of wellbeing, where people’s basic needs cannot be met due to money in relation to income in a household. Relative poverty ( defined in relation to other people of the society) and absolute Poverty ( standards of what household should be able to count on to meet their basic needs).

- Fractions of distribution of income

poverty is defined based on the income and expenditure distribution the RDP project defines 20% and 40% expenditure as ultra poor and poor.

- Poverty Datum line (by Magasela )

this line includes primary poverty datum ( including clothing, food and lights) secondary poverty datum (includes accommodation costs and tax of breadwinner )

-Minimum Living Level and Supplemental Living Level ( by Bureau)

Poverty as the Lowest sum possible on which specific size  of household can live.

- The Household Subsistence Level and Household Effective Level ( by Potgieter)

Describes poverty in the bases of excluding medical expenses, savings and education, buying household equipment and insurance.

- Hoogeveen and Olzer Upper and Lower Bound Poverty Line

Poverty line is measured using cost of basic needs R593 per capita per month was their upper bound and R322 per capita per month was their lower bound .