THE ANTHROPOGENIC NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT AL PROBLEMS AND EXAMPLES FROM THE SA CONTEXT

The leading problems to the environment is the decline in the fresh water, Adverse on the marine life, the destruction of the natural habitats and the depletion that is leading to climate change. And the natural environmental problems are floods, air pollution, global warming, storms and heat . The examples of the environmental problems in SA is the air pollution, for example the Sasolburg coal mining it is polluting the air and the lives of the people living near the mine are not safe as they will get sick.  Another example is that there is no fresh water in SA because the mines are polluting the fresh water in the dams and the rivers and the community members are dumping their wastage on the rivers and the dams, so as time goes by we will no longer have fresh water but the water with the higher level of the salt. There are numerous important environmental problems, which are a result of human activities.  All the natural hazards  are due to the existence of societies.  Human activities like pollution, deforestation and overfishing etc are primary cause of these environmental problems.

Participatory development approach and critique with an South Africa example.

The development process involves the participation of the beneficiaries from the inception stage to the development.   This approach enables the society to grow its own capacity and self sufficiency.  The development process involves the participation of the beneficiaries from the inception stage to implementation of the development intervention.  This approach is also significant because it allow people and communities to define and become subjects of their own development rather than becoming objects to technologically process involved in development.

in an unnamed rural community in South Africa, Byrne and Sahay (2007) looked into the role of participation and social development in community based child health information system

WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT.

Women in development pushes the issue of gender inequality into centre stage of the international development regime.  Women were being left out and being criticized based on their class or ethnic background.  Emphasis on women productive capacity is criticized for failing to recognize women's reproductive responsibilities and subsequent miscalculations about responsibilities, elasticity of women time and labour.  Moreover, because the women in development approach was firmly grounded in modernization theory, it is assumed that adopting western strategies would lead to the solution to the problems.

Women and Development

The ‘Women and Development’ approach doesn’t consider the class, racial and ethnic differences among women. WAD focused on international relations of power and neglected relations between genders and classes. It ignored differences between men and women, rich and poor in the global south. The WAD position equally downplays the role of patriarchy. It does not adequately explain gender power relations and their impact on development. Furthermore, the advocacy for separate projects for women did not produce the desired transformational impact. The ‘Women and Development’ model has only tended to focus its intervention strategies on the promotion of income-generating activities. It didn’t consider the competing time demands such strategies place on women who also have a reproductive role to perform.

modernisation

modernisation can be defined as the process of social, economical and cultural transformation were country evolves from the underdeveloped status to a modern society.  Modernization wants the societies to evolve from the traditional culture to modern due to the process of the modernization. while in the dependency theory they talk about the satellites and the metropole and in the satellites they produce raw materials and in the metropole they buy the raw materials in a lower price and they make a huge income from the raw material, it is exploitation as they capitalist their main goal at the end of the day is the profit.

Modernization theory is a description and explanation of the processes of transformation from traditional or underdeveloped societies to modern societies. In the words of one of the major proponents, "Historically, modernization is the process of change towards those types of social, economic, and political systems that have developed in Western Europe and North America from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth and have then spread to other European countries and in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to the South American, Asian, and African continents

what are the benefits of poverty for the individual and the community?

Poverty is a national issue that South Africa is facing and seriously affects the individuals. Poverty affects the individual in a negative way as it does not only affect the life of a person, but it threatens it. Firstly It is affecting many individuals from poor backgrounds such as people that have low self -esteem which end up messing up their entire future life. poverty even contribute to recycling as homeless people searching in the streets for something to recycle as it benefits within individual and community as a whole. Therefore, taking to consideration the family struggle with chronic food security hunger and malnutrition.  When families don't have food their health and livelihood suffers, trapping them in vicious cycle that affect one generation after another 

Compare and contrast two theoretical to social problem.

Symbolic interaction orientation

The symbolic interaction view a social problem as symbolic interaction between individuals without the problem problem and other with the problem.  The interaction between an individual and the other that is governed by the meaning, that they impute to each other action would be pleasant if two parties regard each other behaviour as unfriendly.  This is because people react to others not in accordance with the other behaviour but instead with their own interpretation of other behaviour.

Conflict orientation

Conflict within social problems arise in different aspects were it include inequality in gender, radical and class.  Capitalism also play a huge impact into social problem were it widespread unemployment.  In order the profit to be increased capitalist must find a way to enhance the productivity at low labour cost, including introduction of automation and other labour saving device.  These inequalities are there because of the natural resources that have been distributed unevenly globally.  This also mean those who are higher social setting will benefit from those resources.

What is a problem?

depression can be define as a feeling of sadness and loss of interest within a victim and families.  Smash and grab usually is a major issue were individual victims lose their important or valuables belongings.  Rape is a sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse against a person without his or her consent.

WHAT MAKES A PROBLEM A SOCIAL PROBLEM?

Depression affect many people globally were individuals lose their lives because of it.  This is because of poverty that is leading to homelessness, abusive relationships that undermine self confidence and also marital problems such such as infidelity.  Smash and grab affect a large amount of people within a society due to robbery.  majority of women are victims of rape which is a social problem. rape not only affect the victim, it also affect family, friends and associates.  It was not a long ago that rape was not recognized as areal problem.  Today, however, society is conscious of this fact.

WHAT CAUSES A SOCIAL PROBLEM?

Depression is a complex disease, some people have depression during a serious medical illness.  Others have depression with life changes such as a move or the death of loved one.  Still others have a family history of depression.  Women are about twice as likely as men to become depressed.  No one is sure why.  The hormonal changes that women go through at different times of their lives may play a role. 

HOW CAN WE SOLVE SOCIAL PROBLEM?

  Mental health education can improve the wat we as individuals about victims of depression, precautionary measures can reduce the rate of smash and grab crime and also job opportunities.  Rape can not be prevented but victim support and constructive input can raise awareness.  fast food can be controlled by educating individual victim in regards the challenges that they will be faced.  Regarding HIV/AIDS people can learn about sex education and improve their knowledge and in order the statistics to be reduced.