1)The conservation, the economic, non-state actors, local views.

2) The conservation:  The object is that the nature does not need human interference, it restores itself. Nature only requires humans to maintain it. The motivation is that it justifies the approach by creating alarm and panic about the state of the environment.

The economic view: The objective is that the environment is seen as commodity that is primarily there for selling-buying. The view is seen as an economic asset. The motivation is that nature is an untapped resource that should be exploited to lift people out of poverty- so a profit as well as development motive.

The non-state actor view: The objective is that the view originate from external interested parties outside of the local community. Motivation for the approach is a belief in the value of the environment that should be protected and respected.

The local community view:  This view are complex and highly differentiated, because it is informed by time, place, individual characteristics and circumstances as well as local power politics. The motivation for the approach is influenced by the nature of the relationship with the environment as shaped by the socio-political context.

3) Yes they do. All of this narratives helps us to understand more of our South African nature and how we contribute to the natures 'well-being'. It also helps us to understand what we as humans do that harms our country's nature.

4) Sustainable development: This discourse works along other countries to advance the theory and practice of ecosystem accounting called the Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem services project. This discourse shows how and where people most depend on and impact nature.

 Social justice discourses in SA - Shows us the problems in our communities such as poverty, poor quality education and unemployment. And also how we contributes to these problems. Power relations, political undertones, radicalism form the basis for the fight for environmental justice in SA.

5) By using the ecosystem accounting it will help to provide us with a systematic way to measure, track and report on stock and flows of natural capital. It will help the SA policies to know what problems they should fix. 

The environment theories and how they can help SA.

Plastic Pollution a big problem that south Africa faces according to the statics of 2020 it shows that more than 11 million tons of plastic it is making its way into the oceans and rivers every year. Plastic pollution is also impacts our wildlife . Deforestation participate in the environmental problem because it is affecting the agriculture sector which causes deforestation. Air pollution is another cause of the problem that we have in SA because people are burning many chemicals in the air such as coal to create electricity and we have many cars which is another cause of environment problem. The last problems  the water pollution which is caused by dumping sewage water in the rivers that helps people with water to drink and washing cars in the rivers is also a factor to the environment problem in south Africa.

Environmental problems

Environmental problems are one of the main problems that impact society but ironically we as humans are more times than not the cause of these problems. Environmental problems include climate change and air pollution. These two problems are closely related as air pollution is a cause of climate change. If the air pollution worsens the state of the ozone will worsen and we will eventually die from the extreme heat of the sun. These problems are also related to others like floods, which are cause by melting ice in the pools.

Participatory development approach and critique with an SA example:

Participatory development is a term that helps societies make their own capacity and self-reliance, along with this it also encourages the community to get involved in the development process. This participation is used as a way of communication between the community and stakeholders. Participatory development faces some challenges such as technologies.

Woman in developmental approach:

The WID or woman in development gives a voice to hose woman who tackles to problem of gender inequality. Woman were left out of a lot development practices and some of them were not benefitted accordingly. The WID approach saw this as the exclusion of woman rights and approaches. Along with this the WID urged on the intergration of woman in development programs to improve woman's position in society. 

The woman and development:

The woman and development approach comes from the perspective that equality will be essential to improving woman's positions. It focused on the social relations existing between woman and men with woman always playing roles in their societies as productive and reproductive actors.

I  would say that the woman in development are most useful in the South Africa context. Because woman in SA is still regarded as someone with less value and are looked upon. There are still a huge gap between men and woman in SA, and that needs to change

The process of modernization deals with social change, economic as well as cultural transformation in which a country changes form a form of pre-industrial to a more modern and sophisticated society. There are five stages of development that each country follows these are.

-Traditional society 

- Pre-conditions for take off

- Take off

- The drive to maturity 

-High mass consumption.

A country is only seen as modern if the people have political, economical and social freedom.

1. Growth and Structural change.

Structural can be seen as a dramatic or big change in the way a industry runs itself. This change is usually caused by a huge economic development.

The country of South Africa has hardly made any progress in changing and transforming the way our economic structure works. In fact it can be debated that we only worsened the state of our economy. This brings us to the fact that South Africa is a developing county and should most likely make use of the primary sector to generate an income.

2. Distribution of Income

A factor that influences the development on a large scale is the distribution of development. Distribution of income has a big impact in our country as statistics show, on average people living in Gauteng earns up to R 85 000 more per capita than people living in the Eastern Cape. With this in mind it is clear that to eradicate or lessen the effects of poverty we as a country should spread the income more evenly among ourselves.

3. Modernization

Modernization can be defined as a road towards a developed and industrial society. This shows that modernization is a way of seeing development as growth. When a country develops economically through the means of industrial development economic growth will take place and developing countries will start to catch up with other already developed countries. For countries to be seen as modern they need to be up to par with the world leading countries such as America, China and England.  In order for this to take place we as a country need to start making use of industrial growth.

 4. Demographic Transitions

The demographic transition model displays birth rates, death rates and natural increase rates. The last mentioned has a much bigger rate in developing countries like South Africa compared to already developed countries. The stage of which South Africa is in is stage 3 which is seen as making significant development

Poverty can be defined as fulfilling or short coming of certain standards set in society at a specific point in time. These standards include basic needs such as food, water and shelter. People who do not meet these standards can be said to be living in poverty and as a consequence of that various problems will follow.

Poverty is a diverse problem that can lead to a multitude of problems starting with general health is the shape of sickness due to a lack of hygiene and also the lack of medical help. Along with this addiction to any substance can also be expected by people who live in poverty as the substance is used as a way to escape. 

The Differential-association theory claims people learn deviance based on their environmental setting. The setting dictates which norms individuals choose to violate and which to acknowledge. Along with this people also learn norms based on many factors such as parents, teachers, family members, co-workers and probably most important in todays age the media. Put in simpler terms, this theory claims people learn criminal behavior directly from their interactions with others. For example children growing up in the cape flats where there is a lot of violence will start to learn this behavior and see it as the norm. The Structural strain theory on the other hand questions the values and goals of society stating that the limit is unclear. According to this theory people are unsure whether the legitimate means will allow them to achieve their goals thus leading them to crime or corruption in order to meet their needs.