A)Principles to include when planning a music lesson plan.

1. Always include music at the beginning and end of lesson.

2. Make sure music reach the Lesson aims or outcomes 

3. Include different learning and teaching strategies as well as assessment activities 

4. Include elements of play like singing and Performance to encourage collaboration and creativity 

5. Apply arts integration strategies as often as possible 

6. Make use of props

B) Characteristics of well planned lesson plan 

1. Introductory phase - always start the lesson with fun creative attention grabbing activity.

2. Teaching and learning - facilitate new knowledge or skills

3. Conclusions- encourages learners to demonstrate their understanding of new knowledge and skills through arts like performing their own body percussion patterns.

C) Yes, my perception has changed and I learnt that music ignites all areas of child development and skills.  And also to include elements of play to encourage creativity, discover and collaboration and also apply arts integration as often as possible in my teaching 

1. What possibly made some learners uncomfortable during these activities?

- The use of Zulu song (house music)

2. Why were some learners uncomfortable?

- firstly the learner  did not understand the Zulu language (song)

-  Secondly she felt uncomfortable dancing in front of boys and to house song that was against  their religion or culture due to their religious reasons.

3. Can you think of ways to address these issues in future? What will you change?

- Teachers have to avoid discriminations and inequalities in their classrooms, make use of languages that accommodates everyone like English language as it is the minimum language required in the curriculum for all learners.  I may advice teachers to let or give individual learner the opportunity to express their culture or religion without criticizing anyone in the classroom rather than using the language that others do not understand.

1. Indigenous African music

- Children are exposed to different African rhythms.

- Gives children the opportunity to learn these rhythms and how to internalize them.

- Exposure to cross - rhythms and syncopated rhythms helps develop children's creative skills.

2. Yes because it explains and demonstrates the different music concepts and different types of music activities in Foundation Phase.

It discusses the value of body percussion activities in the foundation Phase and also the strategies for teaching songs to learners in the foundation Phase.

Good day teachers 

Arts integration is the approach of teaching in which learners build and express their understanding through the art form.  Learners engage in a creative way which connects an art form and another subject and develop objectives in both.  Arts integration brings focus to the whole child and embraces the notion thata all learners are different.  It help learners to develop creative problem making or solving, critical thinking and improves motor skills, language skills, social skills, decision making, risk taking and inventiveness. And also help teachers to rethink the roles they play and their relationships with their learners.

WAYS TO INTEGRATE ARTS IN CLASSROOM 

Visual Arts - Encourage speaking, listening and vocabulary development skills.

Drama - Encourage role playing 

Dance  -challenge learners to create letter and number forms.

Music, Song and Performance - create the opportunity for learners to perform

CHALLENGES 

Arts integration may be expensive and may not accommodate other learners because it is not all learners who are interested in art which maybe lead then to drop out of school.  And also may be against other learner's religion.

1. LIFE SKILLS 

Music enhances the creative, critical thinking and confidence.  When creating own instruments and playing music is a wonderful way to express creativity, critical thinking and confidence. Looking at each notes  measure and phrase alone takes a lot of critical thinking to then have to play in such a way that will give life and souls song.  One knows that they will have to put in a lot of effort and time to master song.  Performing in front of a teacher, family, friends and even strangers can be a nerve racking.  It takes a lot of self confidence for a child to overcome the stress or anxiety that may surface which an upcoming performance or presentation.

2. MATHEMATICS 

The biggest relationship between maths and music is patterns for example music has a repeating verses and choruses while maths uses patterns to explain the unknown.  You can use different mathematical phenomena in music which includes geometry, signal processing, differential calculus and even trigonometry.

3. LANGUAGES 

Every human culture has music as each has a language.  So it is true that music is a universal feature of human experience.  At the same time both music and linguistics systems differ widely from culture to culture. Music also assists in improving vocabulary and development of good communication skills.

Good day everyone These are questions I have managed to answer while I was busy studying study unit 1, I am looking forward to learn more about the LSKM. 

1. Explain your understanding of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development.

• It is the difference between a child’s actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the child’s potential development as determined through problem solving under the teacher’s guidance or with peers by means of scaffolding.

2. Summarise the most important aspects of the learning theories of Erikson, Piaget and Vygotsky for your teaching practice as foundation phase teacher.

• Erikson -  A foundation Phase Teacher play an Important role in learners lives by providing  them with enough extrinsic motivation which includes the praising or rewarding of  the good behaviour and encourage them so that they can develop the feelings of competence, improving  their self-esteem and confidence.
• Piaget - It is very important to link the already exiting knowledge with the new knowledge and give them the opportunity to interact with other learners because they learn effectively when they are with others and also have in mind that foundation phase learners think differently from adults so it is important to think the same way they din order to be in the same page with them.
• Vykotsky – As it stated the social interaction is fundamental to cognitive development.  So m role here as a foundation phase teacher is to identify or analyse the learner’s educational readiness and provide an environment where these needs would be met.

3.  Reflect on your newly gained knowledge of learning theories and holistic development and create a mind map in which you outline the most important aspects of holistic development in the foundation phase.

• By learning theories I have gained a lot which includes the knowledge of that learners learn effectively when they are interacting and the most important thing is to maintain the positive relationship in the classroom as well as the importance of the socio-cultural theory of cognitive development.   The holistic learning permits learners to develop strong internal value and confidence because their whole being is considered during the learning process.

Mind Map

a) Physical development – dancing to music helps learners to build a fine motor skills and a healthy living style.

b) Cognitive development – when children singing a music it helps them improve their vocabulary – increases the attentiveness, multitasking and develop numerical and literacy skills.

c) Emotional development – Music activities helps learners to identify and express their emotions, by doing so they will be able to be sensitive or respect the emotions of others.

d) Personal development – Music activities allows learners to develop their personality, self-esteem, confidence and identity by participating with others, creating their own instruments which also increase their creative abilities.

e) Social development – music activities such as singing in groups, playing and moving together allows learners to build a positive relationship among them which also promotes the good behaviours and communication skills.

4. Why is it important to have basic knowledge about the musical development of foundation phase learners?

• Music lighten up all the areas of child development and skills for school readiness such as intellectual, social-emotional, motor, language and overall literacy.  It assists the body and mind to work together. Exposing learners to music at early ages assist them to learn the sounds and meanings of words.