As of the end of this semester, I've learned a lot about music education throughout the entire semester. I learnt about the elements of music, how to use music in the classroom throughout the day, how to use music as a classroom management tool, and how to transition music between activities. I also discovered that music facilitates learning and teaching and music concept and its value and purpose in teaching the foundation phase.I.know that when it comes to lesson planning what to keep in mind especially lesson planning that involves music and art integration(What should be done and what to be avoided).classroom management, integrate music with other subjects and use music for brain breaks. All these provide learners with opportunities to be engaged during the lesson.

Integrating music with art was a little bit challenging for me and there is that I would like to change/be improved on this module because the lecture was very supportive at every angle and has provided us with learning materials and classes to support our learning

When a teacher produces a foundation phase lesson plan, they must guarantee that the lesson will be fun for the learners, that it will keep their attention, and that they will fully participate in it. The teacher must first check the learners' prior knowledge before introducing and explaining the topic. If you don't understand something, ask questions, and let learners ask you questions. If you're teaching and want to add music into the class to make it more engaging, start and end the lesson with it. Always check the caps document to see how the arts topics relate to real-life situations. Allow students to demonstrate and explain the lesson at the conclusion to determine whether the lesson objectives were met. Despite the fact that children have a wide range of learning abilities and styles, as well as diverse interests and socioeconomic origins,teacher must devise ways to manage and encompass all of them, as well as create a classroom atmosphere in which all students feel safe, loved, and valued.

 When planning foundation phase lessons, what are the most significant considerations?

-There should always be music in the classroom. -Any music played in class must add to the lesson's objectives.

-Guide learners in music listening.

-A wide range of activities for teaching, learning, and assessment.

-A wide range of activities to accommodate different learning styles, talents, and interests.

-Understand new concepts and abilities independently and collectively.

-Assessment methods

-Before explaining something, lead an activity and ask open-ended questions.

-Assessment's role.

-Scaffolding built by peers.

-Make connections between the content and real-life situations as well as current social and political issues.

Music elements are the fundamental components of music. We may make music by merging the different elements. Tone is a special music element that gives music its distinctive sound and allows us to distinguish between music and noise.

Music's fundamental elements

• duration  (examples include rhythm and tempo)
• pitch
• intensity
• quality
• Texture

Examples of music concepts (duration)

Beat and accent

Beat is also known as the heartbeat of music,Some beats, on the other hand, may be more noticeable than others; these prominent beats are referred to as accents. The accents help us figure out how many beats are in a bar.

Meter

Beats are typically divided into groups of two, three, or four. This is referred to as the meter in music. Listen for the accent (loudest sound) in the song to determine the meter. Accents are typically placed on the first beat of groupings

Rhythm

when you combine the note values ( different lengths of tones), you can create rhythm. Usually, the lyrics of the song depicts the rhythm

Tempo

 refers to the speed of music and how fast the beat moves, in other words, fast and slow.

Examples of music activities.

Musical games

Reading music notation

Improvisation

Body percussion

Music and dramatization

Instrument playing

How does music concepts relates to Life skills, mathematics and language?

.Learners sing songs in a variety of languages, learn new words on a daily basis, and use music and musical notation to improve arithmetic knowledge and life skills. Students learn a number of skills in music education, including multitasking, social skills, and communication skills, all of which help them develop their cognitive capacities. Music aspects such as consistent beats, rhythm, and melody are used to teach spatial characteristics, sequencing, and counting in mathematics. Using musical activities to teach arithmetic makes learning more pleasant and appealing to children, and improves their cognitive capacity.

Free choice, enjoyment,self-motivation, and a focus on process rather than product characterize play. Throughout life, creative process. It promotes expressiveness, imagination, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation by involving both the intellect and the body. Play is thought to be beneficial to children’s cognitive development, particularly their ability to think creatively and solve problems. Learning and playing music enhances the following:

Team building: Working as a part of a group teaches your child how to recognize their own talents and shortcomings as well as how to help others.

Determination: Being able to master a difficult piece of music gives you a sense of accomplishment and motivates you to try new things.

Self-consciousness: Use to calm and soothe children, to express love and joy, to engage and interact so that they can be heard.

Arts integration is one of the most effective ways for a diverse population of individuals with different interests, aptitudes, learning styles, and experiences to come together and form a community of active learners who take responsibility and ownership of their own learning.Foundation phase learners benefits greatly from arts integration since it teaches them a great deal. Learners are encouraged to demonstrate their understanding of ideas and skills. It encourages active participation  in learning and teaching activities. Learners get problem-solving skills, authentic learning skills, collaborative learning skills, as well as variety of other experiences as a result of their learning.

A value of arts integration.

• Schools that encourage teachers to use integration initiatives in their curriculum have shown advanced math performance and reduced disciplinary issues.
• Allows teachers to encourage and support their children’s developmental needs.
• Brings learners the chance to interconnect on teaching and learning activities that are enjoyable.
• Allows learners congenital curiosity, creativity, and imaginative potential.

1. Explain your understanding of Vygotsky zone of proximal development.The ZPD refers to a learner’s ability to perform tasks successfully with the help or more skilled people, and it is frequently mentioned in relation to facilitated or scaffolded learning. The production of ZPDs requires help with cognitive structuring of learning tasks as well as sensitivity to the learners current abilities
2. Summarize the most important aspects of the learning theories of Erickson, Piaget, and Vygotsky for your teaching practice as foundation phase teacher.             Erikson's psychosocial development theory is based on how relationships and social interactions plays an important role in learning. Meaningful  relationships are important to foundation phase learners because when learners feel motivated and develops the eagerness within them to learn and they create a positive  learning atmosphere. From the age of 5-11 years children tends to develop a sense of pride, and as foundation phase teacher we have to support, encourage and motivate learners to do well during this time so that they wont develop an attitude towards the subject. 

Piaget's theory-children learns best by interacting with the world and construct knowledge based on what they know.

Erikson's stage of psychosocial development.

Piaget's cognitive development theory. include Pre-operational stage and Concrete operational stage.

3.Reflect on your newly gained knowledge of learning theories and holistic development and create a mind map in which you outline the most important aspects of holistic development in the foundation phase.

This theories will help me as a foundation teacher to teach music in class. I have no doubt that my children will enjoy my music education. Even though I could not have drums to use in music, I know that I could always clap hands, step feet and use movements with my learners to make our music education much enjoyable.

• In Erickson theory children from age of 5-11 develop sense of pride, they depend on their teachers, friends and peers for praise.
• Piaget believed that children interact with the world that they live in and they construct new knowledge based on the prior knowledge.
• Vygotsky believed that child’s ability to learn can be enhanced by social contact with adults and more knowledgeable peers.

4 Why is it important to have basic knowledge about the musical development of foundation phase learners?

• It aids the coordination of the body and mind.

Children who are exposed to music early in life are able to learn the sounds and meaning of words. Children can improve their motor skills while also participating self-expression by dancing to music