According to Buckle the environment is a critical factor for the nations to flourish. By the modern times and the early times saying some of the eastern nations are having fertile soil, rain and warm weather while the northern nations are innovative and industrious to survive the cold and they are producing a large quantity of food.

Human beings are known for overpopulating and for all the population around the world. Human societies are being exempt from the ecological principles and constraints that govern other species, Due to the pro-development paradigm, environmental degradation and crises take place.

Environmental problems are the main cause of society problems but in most cases humans are the main cause of environmental problems. some environment problems are air pollution and climate change and defrosting of ice at the North pool.

The leading problems to the environment is the decline in the fresh water, Adverse on the marine life, the destruction of the natural habits and the depletion that is leading to climate change. And the natural environmental problems are floods, air polluting, global warming storms and heat. For example we do not get fresh  water anymore but within that they is a higher level of salt water, polluted air water.

Participatory development approach and critique with an SA example.

Participatory development helps societies to build their own capacity and self-reliance. It also gets people of the community involved in the development process. participatory development has shown some challenges such as limited capacity and inaporpriate  technologies.  The participation is used as an communication model between community members and stakeholders.

WOMAN IN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH (WID)

Woman in development gave a voice to woman and pushes the issues of gender inequality into the centre stage of the international development regime. Women have been undermined for a very long time and men tend to be seen as superior to women due to biological determinism. The WID approach argued for the integration of woman in development programes to improve woman's position in society. 

THE WOMAN AND DEVELOPMENT (WAD).

The woman and development approach comes from the the perspective that equality will be essential to improving woman's positions. It id focused  on the social relations existing between woman and men with woman always playing roles in their societies as productive and reproductive actors.

Modernisation and Dependency Theories.

Modernisation is a process of social economic and cultural transformation in which a country envoles from pre-industrial to a modern society countries follow a series of Five stages of development that all countries have to follow. The traditional society, Pre-conditions for take off, take off. The drive to maturity and high mass consumption.

The modernisation theory formed in response to the prescriptions of development economists that failed.

Dependency is a result of the failure of the modernization theory to address the underdevelopment of the third world countries. They are focused on the origins and subseqent development of underdevelopment.

Dependency theory was created to address and fix the issue regarding lack of development which the modernisation theory was unable  to address.

1.Growth and structural change.

South Africa is a developing country whereas to have a development in a country they must be growth and change. And south African focus on fishing, mining, farming and forestry. 

2. Modernization.

Is the way in which we move from our old ways to our new ways to make our lives much easier. Just like the development of Technology which accelerated economic activities and make life easier for everyone.

3. Distribution of Income.

Income should be distributed fair between all the people in the country. people depend on the income to survive and make a living for themselves and their families. It affects the poverty-reducing effects of growth.

4. Improvements in education and health.

As a country it plays a huge role in educational and health systems in determining if the country is poor or rich( progressing or not). Good education means that that change is coming our way and that chances are high to get proper job. Good health means less death and people being affected my diseases.

As expects define poverty, poverty can be defined in relation to the standard of a particular society at a certain time, seeing that people's needs are met and yet poverty can be regarded as people who live under a specific income level, which they are unable to afford basic needs that a set out by societies. 

People living under poverty lack the resources to live a healthy life such as eating healthy food that has nutritions and vitamins. Being poverty excludes them from a lot of things and they are judged and mistreated because of poverty.

Poverty is a situation that will always be within societies 

Benefits of poverty.

poor people's health help generate greater recognition of the potential impact of sector policies on health such as education, nutrition sanitation and water. poor people pick up plastic bottles for example to contribute to recycling. They resort to domestic work for people with a higher income. As individuals living in poverty, government helps a lot of individuals with social grants.

Functionalist perspective 

This theoretical approach entails that every part of society plays a particular role in deforming the society and is maintained and established through the interaction of different parts of society. They all depend on one another.  It is realised that social problems weaken society stability without revealing them. It socializes the people's desire for social integration and stability. This functionalist perspective looks at social problems in a positive aspect. For example like having some social problems might help to solve another social problem.

Conflict theory.

It is all about the effects of inequality based on social class,race and gender. It tries to understand the root of the problem, that certain thing that caused that social problem. Its believe is that in order to reduce social inequality, certain measures should be undertaken or considered so that people are equal and get equal opportunities since a women can do a mens job and a men can do a women job. 

1. DEPRESSION

yes i think depression is a social problem due to the fact that people can have depression and be unable to spot it. Which  most doctors says that depression is very dangerous due to that it leads to more deaths. It mostly affects young people.

2. SMASH-AND-GRAB

Smash-and-grab is something that happens everyday at anytime without anyone knowing it is going to happen to them. people chose to do that in order to make a living yet other people do it because they can. As for me i think Smash-and grab is both a social problem and it is also not a social problem.

3.RAPE

Rape is a huge social problem. Due to the fact that rape does a lot of damage to people. And women and young children and teens mostly victims to rape.

4. FAST FOOD.

It is not a social problem due to that it is more of a social condition because it cause obesity and heath risks.

5. HIV/AIDS

It is a social problem due to that people can contract it without taking safety measure. And people with HIV/AIDS  tend to struggle with the fact that some commit suicide and some get depressed and lose their jobs. That is why they is support groups for such.