Max Weber, his theory has two aspects that Murphy used, (he maintained that the impact of capitalist development resulted in growth on scarce resources) and FORMAL RATIONALIZATION & SUBSTANTIVE RATIONALITY. Formal rationalization promotes pervasive logic whereby profit and efficiency reigns supreme whereas substantive rationality promotes disregarding of the impact on the environment which result in scarcity, extinction and degradation.

In the SA context the extraction of raw material(gold, platinum) without being concern with the environmental impacts of the extractions, will results in remaining LDC and deteriorate our environment even further.

Karl Marx, emphasizes the problem of the fertility of the soil within capitalist agriculture, because its agriculture is focused on making a quick profit putting ahead the soil(environment) or people( community). He also raises concern on industrial revolution, which removes rural people from nature and drive them into crowded, polluted cities, while the soil is drained its nutrients.

In the SA context. rural-urban migration has a great impact on the environment, as people are put in crowded places, in which they pollute due to their carbon footprint and they leave the farm areas with no one to take take of, making it prone to being infertile soil.

Buckle said that the environment is the very important factor for nations to actually flourish, as the Eastern regions are flourishing because of the favorable climate. In South Africa we have different climates in different parts of the country this might be because of the different activities that are being performed in different parts of the country such as deforestation, and the processing of coal.

All the environmental problem within the respective society are resilient, as people need to change the way they do things and their attitude towards the environment and learn to live with the challenges they encounter.

WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT APPROACH:

These women were the voice of the women and pushes the problem of gender inequality into the spotlight of the international development regime, women were not being considered in the developmental practices, research and policy. some women were not benefiting and their statuses were made worse by development.

WOMEN AND DEVELOPMENT:

This comes from the perspective that equality will be vital to improving the position of women. it pays attention on the social relations existing between women and men, where women always play a role in their societies as reproductive players.

The four environmental narratives identified in South Africa are : The Conservation, The Economic, Non-state Actors, Local Views.

The motive of the conservation is that it justifies approach by creating alarm and panic about the state of the environment, in particular its declining quality. It also sees the environment as a victim in need of rescue from ignorant and destructive local communities, it does not assume that collaboration is possible and that joint solutions may be found.

The motive of the economic is that it identifies opportunities to exploit resources (sell them for profit) to make money by those who have the means and therefore the power. the motive of the non-state actors view is that the intrinsic value of the environment that should be protected and respected . The firm belief that environmental resources are finite.

the motive of the local communities views is the the nature of the relationship with the environment is shaped by socio-political context and that polices and practices as framework direct views and responses of local communities, during the colonial times such polices and practices served to distort communities' relationship with the environment.

two main environmental discourses are sustainable development and environmental and social justice.The role of discourse in the environmental policy process, it critically examines the claims made for normative discourse management and highlights the need to consider carefully the institutions through which environmental policy discourse is mediated.

Participatory approach helps to secure the ownership and commitment of the communities involved, active participation by local citizens and other stakeholders aims to improve both the quality and relevance of the suggested interventions. 

Participatory development seeks to engage population in development projects, it has taken many different forms since it emerged, when it was introduced as an important part of the basic needs approach to development. 

Modernization  holds that increases in technology will increase wealth throughout the globe, and that low income nations can follow the path taken by wealthier, modernized nations.

Dependency theory holds that some nations gained wealth at the expanse of other nations, specially through colonization.

Development refers to the improvement in country's economic and social conditions. More specifically, it is the improvements in way of managing an area's natural and human resources in order to create wealth and improve people's lives.

Economics generally agrees that economic development and growth are influenced by four factors , namely Human resources, physical capital, natural resources and technology. highly developed countries have governments that focus on these areas. 

Human resources, The skills, education and training of the labor force have direct effect on the growth of the economy. A skilled well-trained workforce is more productive and will produce a high quality output that adds efficiently to an economy, like in South Africa today the production of vaccines will save a lot of money and probably add on the economy of the country as some countries may buy from us. Physical capital, improvements and investment in physical capital such as roadways, machinery and factories will reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of economic output. Factories and equipment that are modern and well maintained are more productive than physical labor, higher productivity leads to increased output, in South Africa they have installed the tollgates in the roadways which adds on the economy of the country. Natural resources, The quantity and availability of natural resources affect the rate of economic growth. The discovery of more natural resources such as oil, or mineral deposits, will give a boost to the economy by increasing a country's production capacity, the effectiveness of a country at utilizing and exploiting its natural resources is a function of the skills of the labor force . like in South Africa we are rich in natural resources but the fact that we do not have skilled people to process them we have to sell them in lower prices and buy them processed in higher prices which affect our economy.

Technology, improvements in technology have a high impact on economic growth. as the scientific community makes more discoveries, managers find ways to apply these innovations as more sophisticated production techniques.

Poverty is scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who do not have certain material possession or money. Poverty has been classified into two classes Absolute poverty and Relative poverty, Absolute poverty refers to the deprivation of human basic needs such as water, clothing, shelter, sanitation and education.
Relative poverty refers to the contextually as economic inequality in the location or society in which people live. 
 

INITIALS: SP

SURNAME: NGWENYA

STUDENT NUMBER: 33710082

MODULE CODE: SOCY 211

ASSESMENT: CLASS ACTIVITY 3

Research has stated that a large number of South Africans are living below the poverty line and struggling to live day by day. What are the benefits of poverty for the individual and the community?

If there is poverty in the community dirty work gets done and people work for low wages or go for low wage employment. Domestic work gets done as people are desperate for money for living at what they can afford with the money. Professional and business get created, such as tuck shops, payday loans, and taverns. Poverty helps with the recycling of goods and incompetent professionals this also helps with having the clean environment that leads to a healthy community and its people. As the poor normally get caught in criminal activities it helps reduce the number of thugs in the community.

Poor people are more likely to have several kinds of family problems, including divorce and family conflicts. Poor people are more likely to have several health problems as they do not have equal health care access as the rich ones. Children growing up in poverty are less likely to graduate high school or go to college and they are ought to commit street crime as they need to provide for their families and for themselves too. Poor people are more likely to be homeless than the rich people and are also more likely to live in dilapidated housing and not able to buy their own homes. Poor families spend half of their income to rent and they turn to live in poor neighbourhoods that lack job opportunities, good schools and other modern life basics.