Discuss the concept of participatory development approach and critique with examples from SA:

It seeks to give the poor a part in initiatives and projects that are designed by outside organizations in the hopes that these projects will be more sustainable and successful by involving local stakeholders in the projects goals. 

This approach strengthens civil society and the economy by empowering groups, communities and organizations to negotiate with institutions and bureaucracies, thus influencing public policy and providing a check on the power of government.

The criticism of the partipatory approach is that sometimes they put people in positios they should not be or when they are under qualified for what the job actually in tails.

UNESCO has a project called Finding a voice where they employ ICT to improve the number of employees. 

Women in development (WID):

This emerged in 1960's calling for treatment of women's issues in development projects. With this they integrate women into the global economy by improving their status and assisting in development. In the 1970's they realized that benifits of modernisation had somehow not reached women, and in some sectors undermined their existing position. 

Some people criticize the validity of the assumption, but others only consider that it does not go far enough. People believe that larger social processes effect women's lives and reproduction roles.

The women and development approach (WAD) :

This approach focuses on the equility is essential to improve women's position in society. 

Compare and contrast core tenants of the modernization and dependency theory:

The central idea of the modernization theory is that positive change is possible. The change can be promoted through direction and acceleration of research.

The core tenants of the dependency theory os that resources flow from a peripheral of poor and underdeveloped states to the core of rich states, by enriching the wealthy states.

If you compare these 2 you will see that the modernization theory involves that the increasion of technology will increase wealth through The globe and low income states can follow the wealthier parts. The dependency theory states that wealthier countries wil only benefit from the poor ones leaving them n a cycle of underdeveloping. 

Define poverty:

Poverty doesn't have a specific definition, but it can be defined trough look at what nutrition the people get in a week. How much money they earn, where they live, how they live how regularly do they get money ect. TOWNDENDS deprivation index states that people living in poverty are those who are short of the 12 essential items.

What are the benifits of poverty for the individual and the community? 

It's easy to hire someone who's desperate for money at lower wages and to do your dirty work... 

Poverty is a problem far more than homeless ect. People pay low wages to domestic workers because they know that they need the money to provide for their families. It helps recycling contributions, people often go trough others trash to find things like plastic bottles to take to a recycling center. 

It helps upholding conventional norms. Poor people most often get caught in criminal acts and they are the ones who have to undergo drug tests moat of the time. Poor people ate seen as defiant, irresponsible and they have inefficient motivation because they sometimes beg. 

The community gets to pin most crime related gangs ect to poor people and people living in poverty because they will do anything to get money so they can feed their families. 

The strucural functionalist orientation:they believe that society is a system of interrelated parts in dynamic equilibrium, so basically if one part chnages another part is disrupted. 

The solutions to the social problems should be taken the form of gradual social reform rather than sudden and far-reaching change. Even though a social problem can be negative they also serve important functions in society... 

Society's social institutions perform important functions to help ensure social stability.. Meaning that the police ect should do things to ensure that there is peace and that the people ate safe 

The feminist orientation: there are many variations of this theory, but they all believe that society is filled with gender inequities. 

This theory exists to give women a voice in society, when things such as rape occure they are there to believe the women where other people will only day it's their fault that they have been raped. 

For hundreds of years the traditional science reflects a male view

The difference between the two is that in one they believe that if you remove the problem the whole system will collapse and in the other ithat you should remove the problem by giving females a voice. 

They believe that women are subordinate in the feminist orientation and in the strucural functionalist orientation they believe that social problema weaken the society but does not reflect fundamental faults in how society is structured. 

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