The goal of economic and social development in developing countries is to initiate a process of self-sufficiency and long-term growth that will result in social justice. "Self-reliant development" refers to the development of society's endogenous mechanisms that will allow developing countries to grow without relying on aid in the long run.

Participatory development is a popular approach to people-centered development that focuses on improving the quality of participation in local societies as a means of achieving self-sufficient, long-term development and social justice. The "process of involvement in local society" refers to a set of processes that continuously enhance people's knowledge, organization, and capacities, although there are many different ways to participate in this process. The three aspects below are engaged; they interact and influence both the form and quality of engagement.

The major distinction between dependency theory and modernization theory is that dependency theory focuses mostly on impoverished and undeveloped countries, whereas modernization theory focuses primarily on affluent and developed ones. In sociology, dependency theory and modernization theory are two conflicting views.

Dependency theory; Individual nations, their function as suppliers of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets for expensive manufactured goods from industrialized countries were the focus of dependency theory. The weak economic growth was attributed to the unequal exchange relationship between developed and developing countries.

Modernization theory; Modernization is a model for a gradual shift from a "pre-modern" or "traditional" society to "modern" society. Modernization theory strives to describe the process of social evolution as well as identify the social variables that contribute to social growth and development.

Cognitive development; The way children think, explore, and figure things out is referred to as cognitive development. It is the growth of information, skills, problem-solving abilities, and attitudes that enable children to think about and comprehend the world around them. Cognitive development includes brain development.

Physical development and health; Apart from birth to two years of age, the body undergoes more developmental change in early adolescence than at any other time. The rate of growth is rapid and uneven, with each individual experiencing a varied pace and rate of change. Increases in height, weight, and internal organ size, as well as alterations in the skeletal and muscular systems, are all examples of physical changes. 

Physical changes are visible to everybody, emphasizing the scope and speed of change. As a result, certain teens may feel more or less mature than others. Girls have physical development growth spurts two years earlier than boys.

Socioemotional development; The process of forming a sense of identity, as well as a role and purpose, is often described as adolescent social development. It is a sense of self that is expressed externally. Body image is a significant aspect in creating a sense of self and identity, particularly for females, and family and friends increasingly play a role in assisting and supporting the teenager in achieving adult duties.

Risk-taking is a normal aspect of adolescent development. As young individuals looking for a sense of self and personal identity, social and emotional development are inextricably linked.

General learning competencies; 

Communication Capabilities

Adapt written, oral, and visual communication to the purpose, structure, audience, and medium in order to develop, understand and express ideas and information.

Critical thinking skills.

Gather, analyze, synthesize, evaluate, and apply knowledge for the objectives of innovation, inquiry, and creative thinking with critical thinking skills.

Empirical and Quantitative Skills.
Mathematical, logical, and scientific ideas and methodologies are used through the manipulation and analysis of numerical data or observable facts, resulting in well-informed judgments.

Personal responsibility.
Connect choices, actions, and outcomes to identify and apply ethical concepts and practices to decision-making.

Social responsibility.
Examine the distinctions and similarities among peoples, ideas, aesthetic traditions, and cultural practices in order to develop intercultural competency, civic awareness, and the ability to effectively interact in regional, national, and global communities.

Teamwork.

Consider multiple points of view in order to work collaboratively and effectively toward a common goal or purpose.

According to modernization theory, advances in technology will enhance wealth around the world, and low-income countries can follow in the footsteps of wealthier, more modernized states. According to dependency theory, certain countries accumulated prosperity at the expense of others, particularly through colonization.

Feminism is the belief in gender equality in social, economic, and political matters. Feminism is a worldwide movement that is represented by many organizations dedicated to advancing women's rights and interests, despite its origins in the West.

Women's empowerment and gender equality are critical for driving sustainable development. To achieve this goal, it is critical to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care, as well as equal rights to economic resources such as land and property for women.

Alternative development is an approach aimed at reducing the vulnerabilities that lead to involvement in illicit crop cultivation and ultimately eliminating such cultivation. Alternative development can break the vicious cycle of rising illicit drug production, weakening rule of law, decreasing the growth of the licit economy, decreasing investment in licit sectors, strengthening organized crime, and increasing violence by effectively promoting factors fostering a sustainable licit economy. In the long run, this can attract investment and help to develop the necessary infrastructure, thereby changing and sustaining the livelihood of rural communities.

Environmental issues are fundamentally behavioral issues. Conflicting interests in natural resources and environmental preservation are the root of environmental issues.

THE ROLE OF SOCIETY.

A person's position or responsibility in his or her community is defined as a social role. Being a teacher or holding the position of the mayor are examples of social roles. A person who supports the government, the business sector, and the family is an example of a societal role. The Importance of Community in Today's World Because we all rely on and interact with one another, communities are an important aspect of our society. People's relationships with one another are immediate and personal in society, and a complex web of ties binds them in reciprocal bonds of passion and obligation.

Concept development is a set of activities performed early in the systems engineering life cycle to collect and prioritize operational needs and challenges, develop alternative concepts to meet the needs, and choose the best one to serve as the foundation for subsequent system or capability development and implementation.

TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT.

Social Development.

Emotional Development.

Intellectual/Cognitive. Development.

Physical Development.

Child Development activities

Primary poverty is defined as a lack of sufficient funds to cover fundamental requirements; it is sometimes referred to as "living below the poverty line."
Secondary poverty occurs when people earn just enough money to meet their basic needs, but spend a portion of it on "coping mechanisms" to deal with financial and work-related stress (high risk and/or tough working circumstances owing to abuse and long hours), and therefore end up in a state of poverty.

Relative poverty is determined by the country's degree of development. It's about ensuring that everyone has access to the same living standards so that everyone can live their lives to their best potential. In this sense, poverty alleviation entails releasing vast, untapped economic potential within any country.

Relative poverty occurs when a household's income is 50% less than the national average, implying that they have some money but not enough to afford anything more than the bare necessities. This form of poverty, on the other hand, varies depending on the country's economic growth.

Poverty is frequently thought of in terms of material or multidimensional deprivation. While such conceptualizations point to solutions (more income, better health, more education, security, etc. ), they do not provide insight into the causes of poverty or the processes that lead to poverty.

Poverty's multidimensionality can be handled in a variety of ways, including economic, political, social, and environmental factors. The advantage of focusing on these characteristics is that it helps to put poverty into context. The strategy is structural, and it aims to draw attention to poverty's objective qualities.