1. According to Kohler (2016), South Africa is the thirtieth driest country in the world. Since it doesn't rain much, when it does finally rain, the water in the soil will evaporate and re-enter the atmospheric phase almost immediately. A challenge for South Africa is that only 20% of the groundwater in southern Arica can be used, further limiting the amount of water available. The demand for water is increasing year after year and more and more people need more water. According to Sarkodie and Adams (2020), many people in South Africa cannot afford electricity and many people do not have easy access to it. Only the "rich" can afford electricity.

2. According to Calma (2011), social justice basically means finding a balance between our responsibilities as a society and our responsibilities as individuals to contribute to a just society.

3. According to Rathzel (2018), environmental social justice means that it is justice for people who are "excluded" from environmental problems. For example, in South Africa, which has all the mines, our air is polluted. Therefore, environmental social justice is helping those who suffer from environmental conditions.

4. The Wadeland project helps purify water, provide water and manage water flows in poor areas. The project also helped at least 4,444 people living in poverty to provide employment opportunities. makes their lives a little easier.

5. The environmental situation in South Africa is very bad, and sadly it will only get worse. Almost all of our resources, such as coal for electricity and water resources, have been used up. Therefore, we are forced to use other, more expensive ways to supply electricity and water to people. This is very inconvenient because many people in South Africa are poor and cannot afford this change

Structural Functionalism Orientation

The functionalist goal is to examine social and cultural phenomena based on the performance of social and cultural phenomena. From this perspective, the fundamental explanation for the existence of social problems is that the social order is constantly changing, and social problems cannot be effectively adapted to changes. According to the functionalist point of view, every part of society is interconnected, joins the society, and plays a role in everyone. If all goes well, all aspects of society will produce care, balance and execution. In case of problems, different parts of society should be adjusted to restore another balance, harmony and performance. For example, during the financial recession and the ensuing high unemployment rate and inflation, the state’s expenditure on friendly projects has been reduced or cancelled, the teaching projects provided by schools have decreased, and household expenditures have decreased, leading to another kind of social demand, ruthlessness and profitability.

 Conflict Orientation Many people have personally experienced one or more social problems. For example, many people are poor and unemployed, many people are in poor health, many people have family problems, alcoholism or crime. When we hear these people, it is easy to think that their problems are only their own problems, and that they and others who have the same problems are the only people responsible for their difficulties. Sociology adopts a different approach because it emphasizes that personal problems are often rooted in the problems of society itself. This key idea reflects the classic difference between personal issues and public issues. Personal problems refer to problems that affect individuals. The affected individuals and other members of society often attribute the blame to the individual’s personal and moral deficiencies. Examples include different problems such as eating disorders, divorce and unemployment.